饮食组成或选择食物类型被认为是肥胖的危险因素。[11]Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Patterns and trends in food portion sizes, 1977-1998. JAMA. 2003 Jan 22-29;289(4):450-3.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/195813http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12533124?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Dreon DM, Frey-Hewitt B, Ellsworth N, et al. Dietary fat:carbohydrate ratio and obesity in middle-aged men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Jun;47(6):995-1000.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3376914?tool=bestpractice.com[26]Mokhtar N, Elati J, Chabir R, et al. Diet culture and obesity in northern Africa. J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3):887-92.http://jn.nutrition.org/content/131/3/887S.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11238780?tool=bestpractice.com[75]Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA. 2004 Aug 25;292(8):927-34.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/292/8/927http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15328324?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Ebbeling CB, Sinclair KB, Pereira MA, et al. Compensation for energy intake from fast food among overweight and lean adolescents. JAMA. 2004 Jun 16;291(23):2828-33.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/291/23/2828http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15199032?tool=bestpractice.com[77]Gillis LJ, Kennedy LC, Gillis AM, et al. Relationship between juvenile obesity, dietary energy and fat intake and physical activity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Apr;26(4):458-63.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12075571?tool=bestpractice.com[78]Ludwig DS. Dietary glycemic index and obesity. J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S suppl):S280-3.http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/130/2/280Shttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10721888?tool=bestpractice.com[79]Seidell JC. Dietary fat and obesity: an epidemiologic perspective. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Mar;67(3 suppl):S546-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497168?tool=bestpractice.com[80]Sloth B, Krog-Mikkelsen I, Flint A, et al. No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;80(2):337-47.http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/2/337http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15277154?tool=bestpractice.com[81]Das SK, Gilhooly CH, Golden JK, et al. Long-term effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in glycemic load on dietary adherence, body composition, and metabolism in CALERIE: a 1-y randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr;85(4):1023-30.http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/85/4/1023http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413101?tool=bestpractice.com[82]Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM, Feldman HA, et al. Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2007 May 16;297(19):2092-102.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/297/19/2092http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17507345?tool=bestpractice.com 并非所有饮食受这些选择主导的人都会变得肥胖;饮食选择对发生肥胖的确切影响难以量化。