数家负有盛名的机构已发布了膳食和生活方式建议，这些机构包括美国心脏协会 (American Heart Association)；美国卫生与公众服务部 (US Department of Health and Human Services)；[99]US Department of Health and Human Services; US Department of Agriculture. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2015-2020. Dec 2015 [internet publication].https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/ 世界卫生组织；以及众多的国家卫生委员会和非营利组织。[100]Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation. 2006 Jul 4;114(1):82-96.http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/114/1/82http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16785338?tool=bestpractice.com[99]US Department of Health and Human Services; US Department of Agriculture. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2015-2020. Dec 2015 [internet publication].https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/[101]Nishida C, Uauy R, Kumanyika S, et al. The joint WHO/FAO expert consultation on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: process, product and policy implications. Public Health Nutr. 2004 Feb;7(1):245-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14972063?tool=bestpractice.com 总体上，这些指南基本倡导摄入适量卡路里，鼓励摄入复合碳水化合物、纤维、高质量蛋白和植物油，建议避免摄入饱和和反式脂肪酸、简单碳水化合物和加工后的食物。 另外，大部分的指南强调每日体育活动； 还有环境干预等。[28]Swinburn B, Egger G, Raza F. Dissecting obesogenic environments: the development and application of a framework for identifying and prioritizing environmental interventions for obesity. Prev Med. 1999 Dec;29(6):563-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600438?tool=bestpractice.com[102]Lombard CB, Deeks AA, Teede HJ. A systematic review of interventions aimed at the prevention of weight gain in adults. Public Health Nutr. 2009 Nov;12(11):2236-46.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19650959?tool=bestpractice.com
