Stevens-Johnson综合征(SJS)可能是一种疾病过程或抗生素,抗惊厥药等药物的结果。 详细的病史是非常必要的。
还存在一些病因学因素。
1. 感染
SJS可以是一些情况的结果,包括:[4]Roujeau JC, Stern RS. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. N Engl J Med. 1994 Nov 10;331(19):1272-85.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7794310?tool=bestpractice.com
2. 疫苗接种
天花疫苗可诱发多形红斑或SJS。[24]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smallpox fact sheet - information for clinicians: adverse reactions following smallpox vaccination. 2008. http://emergency.cdc.gov.[25]Morantz C. CDC releases guidelines for treating adverse reactions to smallpox vaccination. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67:1827, 1829-1830, 1833-1834.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12725463?tool=bestpractice.com
3. 药物
诱发SJS和中毒性表皮坏死松解症(TEN)最常见的药物是:[3]Mockenhaupt M. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical patterns, diagnostic considerations, etiology, and therapeutic management. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2014;33:10-16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25037254?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Roujeau JC, Stern RS. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. N Engl J Med. 1994 Nov 10;331(19):1272-85.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7794310?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Roujeau JC, Kelly JP, Naldi L, et al. Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1600-1608.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199512143332404#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7477195?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Mittmann N, Knowles SR, Koo M, et al. Incidence of toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in an HIV cohort: an observational, retrospective case series study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2012;13:49-54.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22145749?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Calabrese JR, Sullivan JR, Bowden CL, et al. Rash in multicenter trials of lamotrigine in mood disorders: clinical relevance and management. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;63(11):1012-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12444815?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Ueta M, Sawai H, Sotozono C, et al. IKZF1, a new susceptibility gene for cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe mucosal involvement. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:1538-1545.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25672763?tool=bestpractice.com[26]Levi N, Bastuji-Garin S, Mockenhaupt M, et al. Medications as risk factors of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children: a pooled analysis. Pediatrics. 2009;123:e297-e304.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19153164?tool=bestpractice.com[27]Rotunda A, Hirsch RJ, Scheinfeld N, et al. Severe cutaneous reactions associated with the use of human immunodeficiency virus medications. Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83:1-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12636014?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Borras-Blasco J, Navarro-Ruiz A, Borras C, et al. Adverse cutaneous reactions associated with the newest antiretroviral drugs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62:879-888.http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/5/879.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653488?tool=bestpractice.com[29]La Grenade L, Lee L, Weaver J, et al. Comparison of reporting of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in association with selective COX-2 inhibitors. Drug Saf. 2005;28:917-924.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16180941?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Layton D, Marshall V, Boshier A, et al. Serious skin reactions and selective COX-2 inhibitors: a case series from prescription-event monitoring in England. Drug Saf. 2006;29:687-696.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16872242?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Roujeau JC, Mockenhaupt M, Tahan SR, et al. Telaprevir-related dermatitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149:152-158.http://archderm.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1392461http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23560295?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Mufaddel A, Osman OT, Almugaddam F. Adverse cutaneous effects of psychotropic medications. Exp Rev Dermatol. 2013;8:681-692.[33]Mockenhaupt M, Viboud C, Dunant A, et al. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: assessment of medication risks with emphasis on recently marketed drugs. The EuroScar-Study. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128:35-44.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17805350?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Irazabal MP, Martin LM, Gil LA, et al. Tranexamic acid-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47:e16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23447480?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Tremblay L, de Chambrun GP, De Vroey B, et al. Stevens-Johnson syndrome with sulfasalazine treatment: report of two cases. J Crohns Colitis. 2011;5:457-460.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21939920?tool=bestpractice.com[36]Rosen AC, Balagula Y, Raisch DW, et al. Life-threatening dermatologic adverse events in oncology. Anticancer Drugs. 2014;25:225-234.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890653/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24108082?tool=bestpractice.com[37]Mawson AR, Eriator I, Karre S. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN): could retinoids play a causative role? Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:133-143.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4301467/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25579087?tool=bestpractice.com
抗惊厥药(如,卡马西平,苯巴比妥,苯妥英,丙戊酸,拉莫三嗪)
抗生素(如,磺胺,氨基青霉素类,喹诺酮类,头孢菌素类)
抗真菌药物
抗逆转录病毒药物(如奈韦拉平、阿巴卡韦)和抗病毒药物(如特拉匹韦、阿昔洛韦)
抗寄生虫药物
镇痛药(如,扑热息痛)
非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)和COX-2选择性抑制剂
抗疟药
硫唑嘌呤
柳氮磺吡啶
别嘌呤醇
氨甲环酸
皮质类固醇
精神药物
氯美扎酮
抗肿瘤药物(例如苯达莫司汀、白消安、苯丁酸氮芥)
维 A 酸类药物。