美国癌症联合委员会 (American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC) TNM 分期,第 8 版[42]Exocrine and endocrine pancreas. In: Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, et al, eds. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2017.
TNM(肿瘤,淋巴结,转移)的定义:
原发性肿瘤 (T)
区域性淋巴结 (N)
Nx:区域淋巴结不能评估
N0:无区域淋巴结转移
N1:1-3 个区域淋巴结转移
N2:4 个或更多区域淋巴结有转移
远处转移 (M)
分期分组
0期:Tis,N0,M0
IA期:T1,N0,M0
IB期:T2,N0,M0
IIA 期:T3、N0 和 M0
IIB期:T1,N1,M0;T2,N1,M0;T3,N1,M0
III 期:T1,N2,M0;T3,N2,M0;T4,任何 N,M0
IV期:任何T,任何N,M1
AJCC 组织学分级[42]Exocrine and endocrine pancreas. In: Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, et al, eds. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2017.
Gx:分级无法评估
G1:高分化
G2:中分化
G3:低分化
G4:未分化
临床分期
可切除肿瘤:对可切除性目前尚无全球统一的标准,可切除性应当由多学科治疗团队决定。 基于临床经验,可切除胰腺癌可以定义为肠系膜上动脉(SMA)或腹腔干无受侵证据,肠系膜上静脉-门静脉汇合处界限清楚,以及无远处转移证据。[36]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: pancreatic adenocarcinoma [internet publication].http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp#site[43]Al-Hawary MM, Francis IR, Chari ST, et al. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma radiology reporting template: consensus statement of the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):291-304.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355035?tool=bestpractice.com
边缘可切除肿瘤:边缘可切除的标准包括肠系膜上静脉(SMV)或门静脉受侵,肿瘤贴邻肠系膜上动脉小于180°,贴邻或覆盖肝动脉(如果可重建的话),SMV小段闭塞且可以重建,或,胰尾肿瘤侵犯SMA/腹腔干小于180°。[36]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: pancreatic adenocarcinoma [internet publication].http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp#site[43]Al-Hawary MM, Francis IR, Chari ST, et al. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma radiology reporting template: consensus statement of the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):291-304.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355035?tool=bestpractice.com
局部晚期不可切除肿瘤:尽管没有转移证据,但肿瘤侵犯周围组织达到无法切除的程度。 区域淋巴结转移超出切除范围也被视为无法切除。[36]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: pancreatic adenocarcinoma [internet publication].http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp#site[43]Al-Hawary MM, Francis IR, Chari ST, et al. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma radiology reporting template: consensus statement of the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):291-304.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355035?tool=bestpractice.com
远处转移:有远处转移证据(肝脏、肺、骨)[42]Exocrine and endocrine pancreas. In: Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, et al, eds. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2017.[43]Al-Hawary MM, Francis IR, Chari ST, et al. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma radiology reporting template: consensus statement of the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):291-304.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355035?tool=bestpractice.com
切除范围
R1:手术切除后镜下可见肿瘤残余(外科医生切除时不知情,但是由病理科医生告知)。
R2:手术切除后大体标本可见肿瘤残余(手术结束时外科医生知道部分肿瘤残余,并由病理科医生确认)。