特发性肺动脉高压

肺血管狭窄会进行性增高肺血管阻力，从而导致右心室负荷过重，最终引起右心室衰竭和死亡。[4]Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2016;37:67-119.https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/37/1/67/2887599/2015-ESC-ERS-Guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-andhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26320113?tool=bestpractice.com治疗包括：利尿剂、地高辛、辅助供氧和静脉用依前列醇。[4]Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2016;37:67-119.https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/37/1/67/2887599/2015-ESC-ERS-Guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-andhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26320113?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Badesch DB, Abman SH, Simonneau G, et al. Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: updated ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2007;131:1917-1928.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17565025?tool=bestpractice.com

见于 11% 的重度肺动脉高压患者，与右心室衰竭有关。[80]Tongers J, Schwerdtfeger B, Klein G, et al. Incidence and clinical relevance of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J. 2007;153:127-132.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17174650?tool=bestpractice.com可能与长期压力负荷过重继发的右心室和右心房结构改变与增大有关。

治疗选择包括：地高辛、电击复律、超速起搏和射频消融。

阵发性房性心动过速

前列腺素类、内皮素受体拮抗剂和磷酸二酯酶-5 抑制剂会引起头痛不良反应。

经中心静脉导管接受前列腺素类药物的患者易出现血流感染，必须及时发现并迅速给予治疗。已经发布了该类患者导管相关性并发症预防的详细指南。[81]Doran AK, Ivy DD, Barst RJ, et al; Scientific Leadership Council of the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. Guidelines for the prevention of central venous catheter-related blood stream infections with prostanoid therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2008:5-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3129264/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18638170?tool=bestpractice.com