在美国,二尖瓣脱垂是最为常见的心脏瓣膜病。[1]Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014 Jun 10;129(23):e521-643.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/23/e521.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589853?tool=bestpractice.com 依据现在的诊断标准,其在美国的患病率估计为2.4%,男女无差异。[3]Marks AR, Choong CY, Sanfilippo AJ, et al. Identification of high-risk and low-risk subgroups of patients with mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 20;320(16):1031-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2927482?tool=bestpractice.com 在其他国家,其患病率为2.5%~15%。[11]Lee WR, Sheikh MU, Lee KJ. Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in presumably healthy Korean adults. Clin Cardiol. 1985 Jun;8(6):356-8.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clc.4960080610http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4006347?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Theal M, Sleik K, Anand S, et al. Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in ethnic groups. Can J Cardiol. 2004 Apr;20(5):511-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15100753?tool=bestpractice.com 并发症的风险在男性及45岁以上人群中较高。[1]Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014 Jun 10;129(23):e521-643.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/23/e521.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589853?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Nishimura RA, McGoon MD, Shub C, et al. Echocardiographically documented mitral valve prolapse: long-term follow-up of 237 patients. N Engl J Med. 1985 Nov 21;313(21):1305-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4058522?tool=bestpractice.com 既往的超声心动图研究是基于相关临床研究之上,同时也缺乏特定的定义标准。 在一些人群分组中,选择偏倚常导致高达38%的错误的高发率。[7]Warth DC, King ME, Cohen JM, et al. Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in normal children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985 May;5(5):1173-7.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109785800218?via%3Dihubhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3989128?tool=bestpractice.com