糖尿病患者可通过尽量减少足部创伤和预防足部溃疡来预防骨髓炎。[15]Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Wunderlich RP, et al. Risk factors for foot infections in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jun;29(6):1288-93.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/29/6/1288http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16732010?tool=bestpractice.com 应评估这些患者足部是否存在缺血,并应有多学科足部团队(例如足部医疗)的介入以改善患者结局。[19]Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, et al. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;54(12):e132-73.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/54/12/e132/455959http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22619242?tool=bestpractice.com
应对患者进行正确足部护理的教育,包括对足部进行每日检查。为避免皮肤皲裂,必须每天清洗足部,并使用保湿霜。此外,患者还应避免可对血管炎性神经病足造成不必要外伤的活动。包括赤足走路或穿着不合脚的鞋。[20]Calhoun JH, Cantrell J, Cobos J, et al. Treatment of diabetic foot infections: Wagner classification, therapy, and outcome. Foot Ankle. 1988 Dec;9(3):101-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3229695?tool=bestpractice.com