PMS 症状很常见,但主诉存在这些症状的妇女大多数不符合严格的 PMS 或 PMDD 诊断标准。如果纳入所有症状,研究一般会高估 PMS 和 PMDD 的患病率,曾经报告过患病率高达 80%。[8]Budeiri DJ, Li Wan Po A, Dornan JC. Clinical trials of treatments of premenstrual syndrome: entry criteria and scales for measuring treatment outcomes. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;101:689-695.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7947504?tool=bestpractice.com如果应用 DSM-5 或加州大学圣地亚哥分校标准,PMDD 的患病率估计为 2% 至 8%。
不同年龄、族裔和国家都报告过本病。[9]Monagle L, Dan A, Krogh V, et al. Perimenstrual symptom prevalence rates: an Italian-American comparison. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;138:1070-1081.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266909?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Rupani NP, Lema VM. Premenstrual tension among nurses in Nairobi, Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1993;70:310-313.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8306911?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Sveinsdottir H, Marteinsdottir G. Retrospective assessment of premenstrual changes in Icelandic women. Health Care Women Int. 1991;12:303-315.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1885341?tool=bestpractice.com曾经在青少年中报告过 PMS,但这个年龄组的文献有限。[12]Vichnin M, Freeman EW, Lin H, et al. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescents: severity and impairment. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2006;19:397-402.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17174829?tool=bestpractice.com对中东、非洲、冰岛、地中海、美国白人、加拿大、英国妇女的各项研究提示,本病没有族裔特异性。这些研究使用的诊断标准不同,因而难以直接比较不同族裔间的患病率。[9]Monagle L, Dan A, Krogh V, et al. Perimenstrual symptom prevalence rates: an Italian-American comparison. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;138:1070-1081.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266909?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Rupani NP, Lema VM. Premenstrual tension among nurses in Nairobi, Kenya. East Afr Med J. 1993;70:310-313.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8306911?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Sveinsdottir H, Marteinsdottir G. Retrospective assessment of premenstrual changes in Icelandic women. Health Care Women Int. 1991;12:303-315.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1885341?tool=bestpractice.com