大多数人在一生中都会经历鼻出血。患者年龄分布呈双峰型,儿童与老年人的患病率较高。患病率无种族和性别差异,但因为男性更可能受到外伤,因此男性患鼻出血的几率更大。
鼻出血较多发生于干燥寒冷的月份以及湿度较低的环境中。这是因为空气干燥容易引起表皮脱落和鼻黏膜开裂、血管创伤,随后诱发鼻出血。[1]Tan L, Calhoun K. Epistaxis. Med Clin North Am. 1999;83:43-56.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9927959?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Perretta L, Denslow B, Brown C. Emergency evaluation and management of epistaxis. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1987;5:265-277.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3436294?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Santos P, Lepore M. Epistaxis. In: Bailey B, Healy G, Johnson J, et al., eds. Head & neck surgery-otolaryngology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2001:415-428.[4]Massick D, Tobin E. Epistaxis. In: Cummings C, Flint P, Harker L, et al., eds. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2005:942-961.[5]Pond F, Sizeland A. Epistaxis: strategies for management. Aust Fam Physician. 2000;29:933-938.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11059081?tool=bestpractice.com