IPF确切的发病率和患病率尚不清楚。在美国,IPF患病率估计为14.0~42.7/10万人。[2]Raghu G, Weycker D, Edelsberg J, et al. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174:810-816.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200602-163OC#.UmETUtglgZkhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809633?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, et al. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150:967-972.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7921471?tool=bestpractice.com在芬兰和英国也报道了类似的结果。[4]Hodgson U, Laitinen T, Tukiainen P. Nationwide prevalence of sporadic and familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence of founder effect among multiplex families in Finland. Thorax. 2002;57:338-342.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923553?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Gribbin J, Hubbard RB, Le Jeune I, et al. Incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis in the UK. Thorax. 2006;61:980-985.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16844727?tool=bestpractice.com其患病率随年龄的增长而增加。出现症状时,近2/3的IPF患者年龄大于60岁,且诊断的平均年龄在60~70岁之间。[1]American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment. International consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:646-664.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.ats3-00#.UmEPiNglgZkhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673212?tool=bestpractice.com与IPF相似的综合征是否在儿童发病,仍不清楚。[1]American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment. International consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:646-664.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.ats3-00#.UmEPiNglgZkhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673212?tool=bestpractice.com与女性相比,男性患IPF更为常见。[3]Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, et al. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150:967-972.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7921471?tool=bestpractice.comIPF的发病没有民族、地域或种族差异。有证据表明,即使除外了人口老龄化和诊断敏感性提高等因素,IPF的发病率随时间而增长。[4]Hodgson U, Laitinen T, Tukiainen P. Nationwide prevalence of sporadic and familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence of founder effect among multiplex families in Finland. Thorax. 2002;57:338-342.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923553?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Navaratnam V, Fleming KM, West J, et al. The rising incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the U.K. Thorax. 2011;66:462-467.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525528?tool=bestpractice.comIPF的平均生存时间估计为诊断后2~5年。[1]American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment. International consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:646-664.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.ats3-00#.UmEPiNglgZkhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673212?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Meltzer EB, Noble PW. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2008;3:8.http://www.ojrd.com/content/3/1/8http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18366757?tool=bestpractice.com
IPF患者的一个亚组具有家族史,称为FPF。这种疾病与散发类型无法区分,但是患者发病年龄更早(诊断时平均年龄55.5岁)。[8]Marshall RP, Puddicombe A, Cookson WO, et al. Adult familial cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in the United Kingdom. Thorax. 2000;55:143-146.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10639533?tool=bestpractice.comFPF的患病率仍不清楚;根据两项欧洲的研究,估计占IPF病例的0.5%~3.7%。[4]Hodgson U, Laitinen T, Tukiainen P. Nationwide prevalence of sporadic and familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence of founder effect among multiplex families in Finland. Thorax. 2002;57:338-342.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923553?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Marshall RP, Puddicombe A, Cookson WO, et al. Adult familial cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in the United Kingdom. Thorax. 2000;55:143-146.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10639533?tool=bestpractice.com与之相比,美国的一项队列研究分析发现,IPF患者中19%有肺纤维化家族史。[9]Loyd JE. Pulmonary fibrosis in families. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2003;29(3 suppl):S47-S50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14503554?tool=bestpractice.com