目前唯一被指南认可的化学预防策略是长期(通常是无限期)使用(每日一次)口服质子泵抑制剂 (PPI)。这项建议是基于一项汇总了多项观察性研究数据的 meta 分析得出的。数据表明,PPI 的使用与 Barrett 食管患者的高度异型增生和肿瘤进展风险降低有关。[34]Weusten B, Bisschops R, Coron E, et al. Endoscopic management of Barrett's esophagus: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) position statement. Endoscopy. 2017;49:191-198.https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0042-122140http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28122386?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Shaheen NJ, Falk GW, Iyer PG, et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:30-50;quiz 51.https://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v111/n1/full/ajg2015322a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26526079?tool=bestpractice.com
使用他汀类药物、非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID) 或阿司匹林的化学预防可能减少异型增生的发生,但这需通过随机临床试验证实。[26]Winberg H, Lindblad M, Lagergren J, et al. Risk factors and chemoprevention in Barrett’s esophagus - an update. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012;47:397-406.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428928?tool=bestpractice.com
Barrett食管患者规律服用他汀类药物与食管癌发病率降低相关 (OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.28-0.94)。他汀类药物联合阿司匹林可进一步降低风险 (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.04-0.69)。[79]Beales IL, Vardi I, Dearman L. Regular statin and aspirin use in patients with
Barrett's oesophagus is associated with a reduced incidence of oesophageal
adenocarcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24:917-923.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22569083?tool=bestpractice.com
关于 Barrett 食管患者的一项前瞻性研究表明,使用非甾体类抗炎药或他汀类药物可降低肿瘤进展的风险。[69]Kastelein F, Spaander MC, Biermann K, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins have chemopreventative effects in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:2000-2008;quiz e13-e14.http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(11)01219-4/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21878200?tool=bestpractice.com非甾体类抗炎药和他汀类药物联合使用的保护作用强于单独使用两者中的任何一种。
一项 meta 分析比较了存在 Barrett 食管的 GORD 患者接受抗反流手术治疗与药物治疗的效果。结果表明,15.4% 接受抗反流手术的患者 Barrett 食管出现消退,接受药物治疗的患者中仅有 1.9% 出现病变消退。[80]Chang EY, Morris CD, Seltman AK, et al. The effect of antireflux surgery on esophageal carcinogenesis in patients with Barrett esophagus: a systematic review. Ann Surg. 2007;246:11-21.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1899200/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17592284?tool=bestpractice.com