意识模糊性觉醒患病率为2.9%。[2]Ohayon MM, Priest RG, Zulley J, et al. The place of confusional arousals in sleep and mental disorders: findings in a general population sample of 13,057 subjects. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2000;188:340-380.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10890342?tool=bestpractice.com
睡行症是儿童常见的一种异睡症,患病率可达2%。[3]Ohayon M, Guilleminault C, Priest RG. Night terrors, sleepwalking, and confusional arousal in the general population: their frequency and relationship to other sleep and mental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60:268-276.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221293?tool=bestpractice.com成人患病率大约为1%-4%。[4]Kales A, Soldatos C, Caldwell AB, et al. Somnabulism: clinical characteristics and personality patterns. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980;37:1406-1410.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7447621?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Attarian H. Treatment options for parasomnias. Neurol Clin. 2010;28:1089-1106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20816278?tool=bestpractice.com大多数儿童在中青年期会逐渐恢复。在欧洲的研究中,性别不是一个影响因素,该结果同样适用于美国人口。[6]Klackenberg G. Somnambulism in childhood - prevalence, course and behavioral correlations. A prospective longitudinal study (6-16 years). Acta Paediatr Scand. 1982;71:495-499.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7136663?tool=bestpractice.com
睡惊症影响了近6.5%的儿童[5]Attarian H. Treatment options for parasomnias. Neurol Clin. 2010;28:1089-1106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20816278?tool=bestpractice.com和<1%的成人。[7]Robinson A, Guilleminault C. Disorders of arousal. In. Chokroverty S, Hening WA, Walters AS, eds. Sleep and movement disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Butterworth Heinemann; 2003:265-272.无报道提到性别差异。[8]Goodwin JL, Kaemingk KL, Fregosi RF, et al. Parasomnias and sleep disordered breathing in Caucasian and Hispanic children - the Tucson children's assessment of sleep apnea study. BMC Med. 2004;2:14.http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/2/14http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15115546?tool=bestpractice.com
睡眠相关的摄食障碍报告中700人有33人出现该疾病,包括门诊及住院患者,疾病有摄食障碍、神经性厌食的肥胖人群,服用抗抑郁药的抑郁患者,以及一组未筛选的大学生。[9]Winkelman JW, Herzog D, Fava M. The prevalence of sleep-related eating disorder in psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations. Psychol Med. 1999;29:1461-1466.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10616953?tool=bestpractice.com对这组未筛选的大学生被试组随机选择控制因素包括(没有摄食障碍病史,未出现在神经性厌食,非服用抗抑郁药的抑郁患者)。摄食障碍住院组患病率最高(16.7%),摄食障碍门诊组次之(8.7%);未筛选大学生组中4.6%也报告有该问题。[9]Winkelman JW, Herzog D, Fava M. The prevalence of sleep-related eating disorder in psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations. Psychol Med. 1999;29:1461-1466.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10616953?tool=bestpractice.com
快速动眼睡眠行为障碍(RBD)是REM异睡症的一个类型。在英国的患病率为0.5%-2%。[10]Ohayon MM, Caulet M, Priest RG. Violent behavior during sleep. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58:369-376.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9515980?tool=bestpractice.com接近美国患病率(0.38%-2%)。[5]Attarian H. Treatment options for parasomnias. Neurol Clin. 2010;28:1089-1106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20816278?tool=bestpractice.com尚无精确发病率。该类异睡症常发生于老年人。
复发性单纯性睡眠麻痹患病率在对照研究中显示存在民族差异性。一项研究报道,美国学生的患病率为11.4%,相比科威特和苏丹分别是19.2%和20.7%。[11]Awadalla A, Al-Fayez G, Harville M, et al. Comparative prevalence of isolated sleep paralysis in Kuwaiti, Sudanese and American college students. Psychol Rep. 2004;95:317-322.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15460387?tool=bestpractice.com文化差异可解释患病率的一些差异。亚洲文化中,“鬼压床”现象(亡灵)对应于西方所称的睡眠麻痹。如果具备相关研究问卷,人们能够通过比较这些差异获得更准确的患病率的预估值。[12]Fukuda K. One explanatory basis for the discrepancy of reported prevalence of sleep paralysis among healthy respondents. Percept Mot Skills. 1993;77:803-807.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8284156?tool=bestpractice.com尽管常报道的是较年轻的被试者,但人们可能低估了单纯性睡眠麻痹在年纪较大人群中的数量。一项对中国70岁以上患者的研究中发现,单纯性睡眠麻痹的患病率接近18%。[13]Wing YK, Chiu H, Leung T, et al. Sleep paralysis in the elderly. J Sleep Res. 1999;8:151-155.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10389097?tool=bestpractice.com一项研究显示,总体患病率在2.3%-40%之间,男女比例为1:2。[14]Cheyne JA. Sleep paralysis episode frequency and number, types, and structure of associated hallucinations. J Sleep Res. 2005;14:319-324.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16120108?tool=bestpractice.com
梦魇多见于儿童。相比男性,更多见于女性,成人的总体患病率在5%-8%。[15]Zadra A, Donderi DC. Nightmares and bad dreams: their prevalence and relationship to well-being. J Abnorm Psychol. 2000;109:273-281.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10895565?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Schredl M, Reinhard I. Gender differences in nightmare frequency: a meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15:115-121.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20817509?tool=bestpractice.com