在前往医生处就诊的肌肉骨骼(肌腱/肌肉/骨骼)损伤病例中,约 30%-50% 为肌腱和韧带损伤。[2]Maffulli N, Wong J, Almekinders LC. Types and epidemiology of tendinopathy. Clin Sports Med. 2003;22:675-692.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14560540?tool=bestpractice.com 其中,急性踝关节损伤是运动员和久坐不动人群中最常见的肌肉骨骼损伤之一。 据估计,踝关节扭伤的发生率约为每天每 10,000 人中一例。[3]Katcherian DA. Treatment of Freiberg's disease. Orthop Clin North Am. 1994;25:69-81.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8290232?tool=bestpractice.com 在美国,每年估计发生 200 万例踝关节扭伤,占所有运动损伤病例的 20%。[4]Beynnon BD, Renstrom PA, Alosa DM, et al. Ankle ligament injury risk factors: a prospective study of college athletes. J Orthop Res. 2001;19:213-220.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11347693?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Woods C, Hawkins R, Hulse M, et al. The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37:233-238.http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/37/3/233.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12782548?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Bahr R. Can we prevent ankle sprains? In: MacAuley D, Best TM, eds. Evidence-based sports medicine, 14th ed. London: BMJ, 2002:470.
无性别差异,但发病取决于运动或活动的类型。[7]Fong DT, Hong Y, Chan LK, et al. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports Med. 2007;37:73-94.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190537?tool=bestpractice.com 澳大利亚进行的一项研究表明,就诊于运动医学中心的大部分损伤是从事澳大利亚足球或长跑运动所致。[8]Baquie P, Bruckner P. Injuries presenting to an Australian sports medicine centre: a 12 month study. 1997;7:28-31.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9117522?tool=bestpractice.com 最常见的损伤部位是膝关节,其次是上臂和肩部。 部分韧带拉伤在该中心诊治的损伤病例中占 4%,三度韧带撕裂在就诊病例中占 3.5%。