主要目的是消除或减少胫骨结节骨突中髌腱附着处的反复拉伸载荷,避免进一步损伤,并使用非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID) 和治疗方法减轻已存在的损伤。
此外,长期目标为提高下肢强度和柔韧性,以便能够参与体育和休闲活动。
早期
采用休息、冰敷、NSAID 和物理疗法治疗后, 90% 以上的 OSD 患者通常会出现较好的临床效果,并能完全恢复活动能力。[12]Beovich R, Fricker PA. Osgood-Schlatter's disease: a review of literature and an Australian series. Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1988;20:11-13.[13]Hussain A, Hagroo GA. Osgood-Schlatter disease. Sports Exer Injury. 1996;2:202-206.
对于长期及疼痛严重的患者,需要膝关节固定并使用支具。
进展期或晚期
回顾文献发现,尽管已采取保守疗法,但高达 10%~12% 的 OSD 患者症状延长,并且有些患者需要手术治疗。骨骼成熟前,不应进行手术。[1]Gholve PA, Scher DM, Khakharia S, et al. Osgood Schlatter syndrome. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19:44-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17224661?tool=bestpractice.com
减轻顽固性 OSD 患者症状的非手术治疗策略包括局部注射利多卡因或高渗右旋糖。注射仅为临时治疗方法而非治疗常规。[14]Topol GA, Podesta LA, Reeves KD, et al. Hyperosmolar dextrose injection for recalcitrant Osgood-Schlatter disease. Pediatrics. 2011;128:1121-1128.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/5/e1121.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21969284?tool=bestpractice.com
一线等效的手术方案包括:
胫骨结节部分切除术[15]Ferciot CF. Surgical management of anterior tibial epiphysis. Clin Orthop. 1955;5:204-206.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14379488?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Thomson JE. Operative treatment of osteochondritis of the tibial tubercle. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1956;38:142-148.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13286274?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Flowers MJ, Bhadreshwar DR. Tibial tubercle excision for symptomatic Osgood-Schlatter disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15:292-297.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7790481?tool=bestpractice.com
小骨分离切除[18]Orava S, Malinen L, Karpakka J, et al. Results of surgical treatment of unresolved Osgood-Schlatter lesion. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 2000;89:298-302.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11204962?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Mital MA, Matza RA, Cohen J. The so-called unresolved Osgood-Schlatter lesion: a concept based on fifteen surgically treated lesions. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:732-739.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7391096?tool=bestpractice.com
胫骨结节钻孔。[20]Glynn MK, Regan BF. Surgical treatment of Osgood-Schlatter's disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983;3:216-219.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6863528?tool=bestpractice.com
长期并发症
胫骨结节的过度生长或小骨持续到成年期可能仅仅是一个纯粹的外观问题,也有可能引起疼痛,导致功能受限。胫骨结节处骨突由从骨突碎片形成的较小的小骨构成。该小骨可撞击髌腱,引起疼痛并使活动受限。[3]Blankstein A, Cohen I, Heim M. Ultrasonography as a diagnostic modality in Osgood-Schlatter disease. A clinical study and review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2001;121:536-539.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11599758?tool=bestpractice.com 可采取小骨切除术和/或胫骨结节骨成形术解决,长期效果良好。[21]Pihlajamäki HK, Mattila VM, Parviainen M, et al. Long-term outcome of surgical treatment of unresolved Osgood-Schlatter disease in young men. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91:2350-2358.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797569?tool=bestpractice.com