肛门直肠脓肿

Nomikos IN. Anorectal abscesses: need for accurate anatomical localization of the disease. Clin Anat. 1997;10:239-244.

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Gilliland R, Wexner SD. Complicated anorectal sepsis. Surg Clin North Am. 1997;77:115-153.

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1.  Michelassi F, Melis M, Rubin M, et al. Surgical treatment of anorectal complications in Crohn's disease. Surgery. 2000;128:597-603.

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2.  Marcus RH, Stine RJ, Cohen MA. Perirectal abscess. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25:597-603.

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3.  Adinolfi MF, Voros DC, Moustoukas NM, et al. Severe systemic sepsis resulting from neglected perineal infections. South Med J. 1983;76:746-749.

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4.  Guillaumin E, Jeffrey RB Jr, Shea WJ, et al. Perirectal inflammatory disease: CT findings. Radiology. 1986;161:153-157.

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5.  Rafal RB, Nichols JN, Cennerazzo WJ, et al. MRI for evaluation of perianal inflammation. Abdom Imaging. 1995;20:248-252.

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6.  Nomikos IN. Anorectal abscesses: need for accurate anatomical localization of the disease. Clin Anat. 1997;10:239-244.

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7.  Godec CJ, Cass AS, Ruiz E. Another aspect of acute urinary retention in young patients. Ann Emerg Med. 1982;11:471-474.

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8.  Ramanujam PS, Prasad ML, Abcarian H, et al. Perianal abscesses and fistulas. A study of 1023 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1984;27:593-597.

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9.  Prasad ML, Read DR, Abcarian H. Supralevator abscess: diagnosis and treatment. Dis Colon Rectum. 1981;24:456-461.

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10.  Salvino C, Harford FJ, Dobrin PB. Necrotizing infections of the perineum. South Med J. 1993;86:908-911.

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11.  Gilliland R, Wexner SD. Complicated anorectal sepsis. Surg Clin North Am. 1997;77:115-153.

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12.  Kovalcik PJ, Peniston RL, Cross GH. Anorectal abscess. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1979;149:884-886.

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13.  Read DR, Abcarian H. A prospective survey of 474 patients with anorectal abscess. Dis Colon Rectum. 1979;22:566-568.

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14.  Hamalainen KP, Sainio AP. Incidence of fistulas after drainage of acute anorectal abscesses. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:1357-1361.

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15.  Vasilevsky CA, Gordon PH. The incidence of recurrent abscesses or fistula-in-ano following anorectal suppuration. Dis Colon Rectum. 1984;27:126-130.

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16.  Millan M, Garcia-Granero E, Esclapez P, et al. Management of intersphincteric abscesses. Colorectal Dis. 2006;8:777-780.

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17.  Onaca N, Hirshberg A, Adar R. Early reoperation for perirectal abscess: a preventable complication. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:1469-1473.

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18.  Grace RH, Harper IA, Thompson RG. Anorectal sepsis: microbiology in relation to fistula-in-ano. Br J Surg. 1982;69:401-403.

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19.  Lunniss PJ, Phillips RK. Surgical assessment of acute anorectal sepsis is a better predictor of fistula than microbiological analysis. Br J Surg. 1994;81:368-369.

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20.  Magdeburg R, Grobholz R, Dornschneider G, et al. Perianal abscess caused by Actinomyces: report of a case. Tech Coloproctol. 2008;12:347-349.

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21.  Samarasekera DN, Nanayakkara PR. Rectal tuberculosis: a rare cause of recurrent rectal suppuration. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:846-847.

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22.  Steele SR, Kumar R, Feingold DL, et al. Practice parameters for the management of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54:1465-1474.

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23.  Williams JG, MacLeod CA, Rothenberger DA, et al. Seton treatment of high anal fistulae. Br J Surg. 1991;78:1159-1161.

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24.  Sarani B, Strong M, Pascual J, et al. Necrotizing fasciitis: current concepts and review of the literature. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208:279-288.

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25.  Sangwan YP, Schoetz DJ Jr, Murray JJ, et al. Perianal Crohn's disease. Results of local surgical treatment. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:529-535.

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26.  Tang CL, Chew SP, Seow-Choen F. Prospective randomized trial of drainage alone vs. drainage and fistulotomy for acute perianal abscesses with proven internal opening. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:1415-1417.

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27.  Schouten WR, van Vroonhoven TJ. Treatment of anorectal abscess with or without primary fistulectomy. Results of a prospective randomized trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34:60-63.

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28.  Cox SW, Senagore AJ, Luchtefeld MA, et al. Outcome after incision and drainage with fistulotomy for ischiorectal abscess. Am Surg. 1997;63:686-689.

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29.  Knoefel WT, Hosch SB, Hoyer B, et al. The initial approach to anorectal abscesses: fistulotomy is safe and reduces the chance of recurrences. Dig Surg. 2000;17:274-278.

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30.  Malik A, Nelson RL, Tou S. Incision and drainage of perianal abscess with or without treatment of anal fistula. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(7):CD006827.

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31.  Garcia-Aguilar J, Belmonte C, Wong WD, et al. Anal fistula surgery. Factors associated with recurrence and incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:723-729.

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32.  Chrabot CM, Prasad ML, Abcarian H. Recurrent anorectal abscesses. Dis Colon Rectum. 1983;26:105-108.

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