尚不清楚过敏性肺炎的确切患病率。发病率最有可能随抗原种类、暴露浓度以及未明确宿主因素的不同而变化。据报道,以前威斯康辛奶农的患病率为 2% - 8%。然而,因为导致农民肺的潮湿环境得到整治,患病率已有所下降。据估计,过敏性肺炎发生于 6% 至 21% 的鸽子饲养者。过敏性肺炎职业病因中的一个复杂因素是在发生过敏性肺炎的雇员中存在“健康工人效应”和的高流动率,因而这些患者可能会被低报。[6]Richerson HB, Bernstein IL, Fink JN, et al. Guidelines for the clinical evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Report of the Subcommittee on Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989;84:839-844.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809034?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Jacobs RL, Andrews CP, Coalson JJ. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: beyond classic occupational disease-changing concepts of diagnosis and management. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005;95:115-128.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16136760?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Cormier Y, Gagnon L, Bérubé-Genest F, et al. Sequential bronchoalveolar lavage in experimental extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The influence of cigarette smoking. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;137:1104-1109.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3195809?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Girard M, Cormier Y. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;10:99-103.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093932?tool=bestpractice.com2003 年 - 2009 年在丹麦的一家医院进行了一项队列研究,发现7% 确诊为间质性肺病的患者存在过敏性肺炎。[12]Hyldgaard C, Hilberg O, Muller A, et al. A cohort study of interstitial lung diseases in central Denmark.
Respir Med. 2014;108:793-799.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24636811?tool=bestpractice.com