美国每 100,000 婴儿中有 18-56 人会发生肠套叠,最常见于 5-7 月龄婴儿。[8]Parashar UD, Holman RC, Cummings KC, et al. Trends in intussusception-associated hospitalizations and deaths among US infants. Pediatrics. 2000;106:1413-1421.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099597?tool=bestpractice.com通常男孩多于女孩。[5]Justice FA, Auldist AW, Bines JE. Intussusception: trends in clinical presentation and management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21:842-846.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16704533?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Parashar UD, Holman RC, Cummings KC, et al. Trends in intussusception-associated hospitalizations and deaths among US infants. Pediatrics. 2000;106:1413-1421.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099597?tool=bestpractice.com[9]O'Ryan M, Lucero Y, Pena A, et al. Two year review of intestinal intussusception in six large hospitals of Santiago, Chile. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:717-721.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913773?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Fischer TK, Bihrmann K, Perch M, et al. Intussusception in early childhood: a cohort study of 1.7 million children. Pediatrics. 2004;114:782-785.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342854?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Sorantin E, Lindbichler F. Management of intussusception. Eur Radiol. 2004;14(suppl 4):L146-L154.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752570?tool=bestpractice.com多达 75% 的病例于 12 月龄以内发病。[9]O'Ryan M, Lucero Y, Pena A, et al. Two year review of intestinal intussusception in six large hospitals of Santiago, Chile. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:717-721.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913773?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Blanch AJ, Perel SB, Acworth JP. Paediatric intussusception: epidemiology and outcome. Emerg Med Australas. 2007;19:45-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17305660?tool=bestpractice.com在 2002 年代表世界卫生组织进行的一项关于婴儿和儿童急性肠套叠的综述中,发现大多数地区的发病率高峰出现在 4-8 月龄之间。[13]Bines JE, Ivanoff B (eds); Department of Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization. Acute intussusception in infants and children. Incidence, clinical presentation and management: a global perspective. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.澳大利亚一项针对 141 例肠套叠患者的研究表明,发病中位年龄为 9 个月。[12]Blanch AJ, Perel SB, Acworth JP. Paediatric intussusception: epidemiology and outcome. Emerg Med Australas. 2007;19:45-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17305660?tool=bestpractice.com在英国和爱尔兰开展的进一步前瞻性研究(261 例肠套叠婴儿)显示,发病率高峰在 5-9 月龄之间,但是排除 12 月龄以上的患者使结果出现偏倚。[14]Samad L, Marven S, El Bashir H, et al. Prospective surveillance study of the management of intussusception in UK and Irish infants. Br J Surg. 2012;99:411-5.
虽然之前认为肠套叠发生率存在季节性变动,但近期研究显示,可能无一致的季节性变动趋势。[5]Justice FA, Auldist AW, Bines JE. Intussusception: trends in clinical presentation and management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21:842-846.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16704533?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Parashar UD, Holman RC, Cummings KC, et al. Trends in intussusception-associated hospitalizations and deaths among US infants. Pediatrics. 2000;106:1413-1421.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099597?tool=bestpractice.com[9]O'Ryan M, Lucero Y, Pena A, et al. Two year review of intestinal intussusception in six large hospitals of Santiago, Chile. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:717-721.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913773?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Nelson EA, Tam JS, Glass RI, et al. Incidence of rotavirus diarrhea and intussusception in Hong Kong using standardized hospital discharge data. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:701-703.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12237607?tool=bestpractice.com自 1980 年肠套叠有关的住院率和死亡率一直下降。[8]Parashar UD, Holman RC, Cummings KC, et al. Trends in intussusception-associated hospitalizations and deaths among US infants. Pediatrics. 2000;106:1413-1421.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099597?tool=bestpractice.com在美国,肠套叠的发病率存在种族差异,白人婴儿的发病率 (26-35/100,000) 低于黑人婴儿 (30-50/100,000) 和其他种族婴儿 (112-240/100,000)。[8]Parashar UD, Holman RC, Cummings KC, et al. Trends in intussusception-associated hospitalizations and deaths among US infants. Pediatrics. 2000;106:1413-1421.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099597?tool=bestpractice.com
各国发病率有所不同。在丹麦,该病的发病率从 1980 年的 16/100,000 下降至 2001 年的 7.1/100,000。[10]Fischer TK, Bihrmann K, Perch M, et al. Intussusception in early childhood: a cohort study of 1.7 million children. Pediatrics. 2004;114:782-785.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342854?tool=bestpractice.com智利报告的婴儿发病率为 32-35/100,000,其中 1 岁以下婴儿的年发病率为 47-55/100,000。[9]O'Ryan M, Lucero Y, Pena A, et al. Two year review of intestinal intussusception in six large hospitals of Santiago, Chile. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:717-721.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913773?tool=bestpractice.com中国香港地区报告的发病率为 89-101/100,000(1997-1999 年)。[15]Nelson EA, Tam JS, Glass RI, et al. Incidence of rotavirus diarrhea and intussusception in Hong Kong using standardized hospital discharge data. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:701-703.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12237607?tool=bestpractice.com
过去发现,接种过第一代轮状病毒疫苗的儿童被诊断出肠套叠的频率增加,但这种疫苗已不再使用。[16]Murphy TV, Gargiullo PM, Massoudi MS, et al. Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med 2001;344:564-572http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200102223440804#t=articleTophttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11207352?tool=bestpractice.com病例分析和病例对照研究均用来评估新单价轮状病毒疫苗 (RV1) 与肠套叠之间的关系,发现新单价轮状病毒疫苗的风险较低。[17]Patel MM, López-Collada VR, Bulhões MM, et al. Intussusception risk and health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in Mexico and Brazil. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2283-2292.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1012952#t=articleTophttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21675888?tool=bestpractice.com作者结论指出,疫苗接种带来的健康好处远远超出肠套叠(可能与新疫苗接种有关)的风险。[17]Patel MM, López-Collada VR, Bulhões MM, et al. Intussusception risk and health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in Mexico and Brazil. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2283-2292.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1012952#t=articleTophttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21675888?tool=bestpractice.com患有肠套叠病史的患儿禁忌接种轮状病毒疫苗。