在英国,每年大约有4400人被诊断为恶性脑肿瘤。[6]McKinney PA. Brain tumours: incidence, survival, and aetiology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(suppl 2):ii12-ii17.http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/75/suppl_2/ii12.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15146034?tool=bestpractice.com在欧洲恶性胶质瘤的发生率约为3.55/100 000。[7]Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates, and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2005;64:479-489.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15977639?tool=bestpractice.com芬兰的一项研究显示,只有不足 1/4 的胶质瘤被归类为 II-III 级的星形细胞瘤。[8]Larjavaara S, Mantyla R, Salminen T, et al. Incidence of gliomas by anatomic location.
Neuro Oncol. 2007;9:319-325.http://neuro-oncology.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/3/319.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17522333?tool=bestpractice.com
通常,星形细胞瘤好发于发达国家的白种人,男性略多于女性。
在美国,纤维型星形细胞瘤占所有脑肿瘤的1.9%,发病率为0.23/100 000,每年新发病例700人。男性占62%,首发症状的平均年龄为17岁。[9]Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States. Statistical report: primary brain tumors in the United States, 1995-1999. Hinsdale, IL: CBTRUS; 2002.http://www.cbtrus.org/reports/2002/2002report.pdf当伴发神经纤维瘤病I型时,纤维型星形细胞瘤多呈现良性的生物学特性。
室管膜下巨细胞性星形细胞瘤为结节性硬化的临床表现之一,约见于6%-15%病人。[10]Braffman BH, Bilaniuk LT, Naidich TP, et al. MR imaging of tuberous sclerosis: pathogenesis of this phakomatosis, use of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and literature review. Radiology. 1992;183:227-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1549677?tool=bestpractice.com典型的表现为这些肿瘤发生于Monroe孔区域,可由室管膜下结节进展而来(多见于20岁左右的成人)。
多形性黄色星形细胞瘤占所有星形细胞瘤不足1%,首发症状的中位年龄为22岁。[3]Arita K, Kurisu K, Tominaga A, et al. Intrasellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: case report. Neurosurgery. 2002;51:1079-1082.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12234421?tool=bestpractice.com这类肿瘤多数部位表浅且呈囊状,多位于颞叶,2/3的患者有癫痫史。
弥漫型星形细胞瘤发生率为0.1/100 000,北美洲每年有1500-1800新发病例。占所有星形细胞瘤的35%。[11]Kitange GJ, Templeton KL, Jenkins RB. Recent advances in molecular genetics of primary gliomas. Curr Opin Oncol. 2003;15:197-203.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12778011?tool=bestpractice.com首发症状的中位年龄为35岁,具有双向性年龄分布,分别为6-12岁和26-46岁。[12]Guthrie BL, Laws E. Supratentorial low-grade gliomas. Neurosurg Clin North Am. 1990;1:37-48.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2135972?tool=bestpractice.com男女比例为1.5:1。[13]Velema JP, Walker AM. The age curve of nervous system tumor incidence in adults: common shape but changing levels by sex, race and geographical location. Int J Epidemiol. 1987;16:177-183.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2440822?tool=bestpractice.com
间变型星形细胞瘤年发病率为0.49/100 000,首发症状的中位年龄为40岁,男女比例为1.8:1。[14]Prados MD, Gutin PH, Phillips TL, et al. Highly anaplastic astrocytoma: a review of 357 patients treated between 1977 and 1989. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1992;23:3-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1572829?tool=bestpractice.com
胶质母细胞瘤年发病率5/100 000。[15]Wrensch M, Minn Y, Chew T, et al. Epidemiology of primary brain tumors: current concepts and review of the literature. Neuro Oncol. 2002;4:278-299.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1920665/pdf/12356358.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12356358?tool=bestpractice.com65-74岁是发病高峰。占所有星形细胞瘤的50%-60%。