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Glazer JL. Management of heatstroke and heat exhaustion. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:2133-2140.

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Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health; Bergeron MF, Devore C, et al. Policy statement - Climatic heat stress and exercising children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e741-e747.

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Bouchama A, Dehbi M, Mohamed G, et al. Prognostic factors in heat wave-related deaths. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167: 2170-2176.

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Kellerman AL, Todd KH. Killing heat. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:126-127.

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Casa DJ, Becker SM, Ganio MS, et al. Validity of devices that assess body temperature during outdoor exercise in the heat. J Athl Train. 2007;42:333-342.

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Harker J, Gibson P. Heat-stroke: a review of rapid cooling techniques. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 1995;11:198-202.

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McDermott BP, Casa DJ, Ganio MS, et al. Acute whole-body cooling for exercise-induced hyperthermia: a systematic review. J Athl Train. 2009;44:84-93.

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1.  Glazer JL. Management of heatstroke and heat exhaustion. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:2133-2140.

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2.  Hemon D, Jougla E. The heat wave in France in August 2003. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2004;52:3-5.

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5.  Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health; Bergeron MF, Devore C, et al. Policy statement - Climatic heat stress and exercising children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e741-e747.

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6.  Adelakun A, Schwartz E, Blais L. Occupational heat exposure. Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 1999;14:153-154.

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12.  Leon LR, Helwig BG. Heat stroke: role of the systemic inflammatory response. J Appl Physiol. 2010;109:1980-1988.

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13.  Bouchama A, Dehbi M, Mohamed G, et al. Prognostic factors in heat wave-related deaths. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167: 2170-2176.

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14.  Nakai S, Itoh T, Morimoto T. Deaths from heat stroke in Japan: 1968-1994. Int J Biometerol. 1999;43:124-127.

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16.  Kilbourne EM, Choi K, Jones S, et al. Risk factors for heatstroke: a case-control study. JAMA 1982;247:3332-3336.

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17.  Kellerman AL, Todd KH. Killing heat. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:126-127.

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18.  Casa DJ, Becker SM, Ganio MS, et al. Validity of devices that assess body temperature during outdoor exercise in the heat. J Athl Train. 2007;42:333-342.

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19.  Nadesan K, Kumari C, Afiq M. Dancing to death: A case of heat stroke. J Forensic Leg Med. 2017;50:1-5.

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20.  Bedno SA, Li Y, Han W, et al. Exertional heat illness among overweight US Army recruits in basic training. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2010;81:107-111.

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21.  Bouchama A, Bridey F, Hammami MM, et al. Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in heatstroke. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76:909-915.

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23.  Hausfater P, Mégarbane B, Fabricatore L, et al. Serum sodium abnormalities during nonexertional heatstroke: incidence and prognostic values. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30:741-748.

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26.  Bouchama A, Knochel JP. Heat stroke. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1978-1988.

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27.  Hassanein T, Razack A, Gavaler JS, et al. Heatstroke: its clinical and pathological presentation, with particular attention to the liver. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:1382-1389.

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28.  Tam N, Noakes TD. The quantification of body fluid allostasis during exercise. Sports Med. 2013;43:1289-1299.

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29.  Bouchama A, Dehbi M, Chaves-Carballo E. Cooling and hemodynamic management in heatstroke: practical recommendations. Crit Care. 2007;11:R54.

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30.  Harker J, Gibson P. Heat-stroke: a review of rapid cooling techniques. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 1995;11:198-202.

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31.  Hadad E, Rav-Acha M, Heled Y, et al. Heat stroke: a review of cooling methods. Sports Med. 2004;34:501-511.

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32.  Bouchama A, Cafege A, Devol EB, et al. Ineffectiveness of dantrolene sodium in the treatment of heatstroke. Crit Care Med. 1991;19:176-180.

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33.  Newport M, Grayson A. Towards evidence-based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 3: In patients with heatstroke is whole-body ice-water immersion the best cooling method? Emerg Med J. 2012;29:855-856.

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34.  McDermott BP, Casa DJ, Ganio MS, et al. Acute whole-body cooling for exercise-induced hyperthermia: a systematic review. J Athl Train. 2009;44:84-93.

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35.  National Athletic Trainers' Association. Inter-Association Task Force on Exertional Heat Illnesses consensus statement. June 2003. https://www.nata.org/ (last accessed 28 September 2017).

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36.  Miller KC, Long BC, Edwards J. Necessity of removing American football uniforms from humans with hyperthermia before cold-water immersion. J Athl Train. 2015;50:1240-1246.

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37.  Gagnon D, Lemire BB, Casa DJ, et al. Cold-water immersion and the treatment of hyperthermia: using 38.6°C as a safe rectal temperature cooling limit. J Athl Train. 2010;45:439-444.

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38.  Hong JY, Lai YC, Chang CY, et al. Successful treatment of severe heatstroke with therapeutic hypothermia by a noninvasive external cooling system. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;59:491-493.

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39.  Newsham KR, Saunders JE, Nordin ES. Comparison of rectal and tympanic thermometry during exercise. South Med J. 2002;95:804-810.

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40.  Raj VM, Alladin A, Pfeiffer B, et al. Therapeutic plasma exchange in the treatment of exertional heat stroke and multiorgan failure. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013;28:971-974.

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41.  Epstein Y. Heat intolerance: predisposing factor or residual injury? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22:29-35.

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42.  Johnson EC, Kolkhorst FW, Richburg A, et al. Specific exercise heat stress protocol for a triathlete's return from exertional heat stroke. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2013;12:106-109.

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43.  Druyan A, Makranz C, Moran D, et al. Heat tolerance in women - reconsidering the criteria. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012;83:58-60.

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