黑素细胞痣非常普遍,超过 98% 的白种人在幼童时期出现至少一颗痣。[8]Dulon M, Weichenthal M, Blettner M, et al. Sun exposure and number of nevi in 5- to 6- year-old European children. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:1075-1081.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12507670?tool=bestpractice.com 后天性黑素细胞痣一般在童年和青春期产生,在成年早期达到最大数量。[1]McKee PH, Calonje E, Granter SR, eds. Pathology of the skin. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier; 2005. 普通白种人在一生中预计会出现 15 到 40 颗后天性痣,其数量随着年龄增长而递减。[1]McKee PH, Calonje E, Granter SR, eds. Pathology of the skin. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier; 2005.[9]Maize JC, Foster G. Age-related changes in melanocytic naevi. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1979;4:49-58.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/445877?tool=bestpractice.com 据报告,黑素细胞痣在亚洲人和黑人中不太常见。[1]McKee PH, Calonje E, Granter SR, eds. Pathology of the skin. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier; 2005.[10]Coleman WP 3rd, Gately LE 3rd, Krementz AB, et al. Nevi, lentigines, and melanoma in blacks. Arch Dermatol. 1980;116:548-551.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7377786?tool=bestpractice.com 在痣的患病率方面,不存在性别差异。[5]Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, et al. Dermatology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Mosby; 2008.
先天性痣的发病率不到人口的 2%。[11]Gallagher RP, Rivers JK, Lee TK, et al. Broad-spectrum sunscreen use and the development of new nevi in white children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;283:2955-2960.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=192780http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10865273?tool=bestpractice.com
斑痣可能是先天性痣,其流行率不超过人口的 2%。[6]Tannous ZS, Mihm MC Jr, Sober AJ, et al. Congenital melanocytic nevi: clinical and histopathologic features, risk of melanoma, and clinical management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:197-203.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692463?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Warner PM, Yakuboff KP, Kagan RJ, et al. An 18-year experience in the management of congenital nevomelanocytic nevi. Ann Plast Surg. 2008;60:283-287.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18443510?tool=bestpractice.com
晕痣(也称为萨顿痣)影响小于 20 岁的个人,常常出现在背上,占白种人口的痣的 1% 到 5%。[5]Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, et al. Dermatology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Mosby; 2008.[7]Schaffer JV. Pigmented lesions in children: when to worry. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19:430-440.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630608?tool=bestpractice.com
在儿童和年轻成人中发现斯皮茨痣。 这些痣很少是先天性的,通常为后天性,估计在小于 1% 的人口中发现这种痣。[5]Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, et al. Dermatology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Mosby; 2008.
非典型痣、发育不良痣或 Clark 痣为偶发性或家族性,估计发病率在 2% 到 10% 之间,且在一生中都可能发病。[5]Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, et al. Dermatology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Mosby; 2008.[7]Schaffer JV. Pigmented lesions in children: when to worry. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19:430-440.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630608?tool=bestpractice.com 有些人认为发育不良痣是人类最常见的痣,可能存在于白人中;然而,估计的患病率变化很大,尚未在所有人种中进行研究,这就难以确定明确的结论。[5]Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, et al. Dermatology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Mosby; 2008.[13]Ackerman AB. "Dysplastic nevus" syndrome: does a survey make it real? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:461-463.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637932?tool=bestpractice.com