H2受体拮抗剂:雷尼替丁<西米替丁[16]Jensen RT, Collen MJ, Pandol SJ, et al. Cimetidine-induced impotence and breast changes in patients with gastric hypersecretory states. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:883-887.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6835285?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Thompson DF, Carter JR. Drug-induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy. 1993;13:37-45.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8094898?tool=bestpractice.com
钙离子通道阻滞剂:地尔硫卓<硝苯地平[17]Thompson DF, Carter JR. Drug-induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy. 1993;13:37-45.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8094898?tool=bestpractice.com
醛固酮拮抗剂:依普利酮<螺内酯[22]Huffman DH, Kampmann JP, Hignite CE, et al. Gynecomastia induced in normal males by spironolactone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978;24:465-473.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/688736?tool=bestpractice.com
性腺机能减退男性的雄激素替代治疗:贴剂或凝胶<肌肉注射[27]Dobs AS, Meikle AW, Arver S, et al. Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system in comparison with bi-weekly injections of testosterone enanthate for the treatment of hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3469-3478.http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/84/10/3469http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10522982?tool=bestpractice.com
晚期前列腺癌的治疗:双侧睾丸切除术<GnRH拮抗剂<非甾体抗雄激素治疗<乙烯雌酚<雌二醇[14]Dobs A, Darkes MJ. Incidence and management of gynecomastia in men treated for prostate cancer. J Urol. 2005;174:1737-1742.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16217274?tool=bestpractice.com
预防性使用他莫昔芬[28]Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Battaglia M, et al. Evaluation of tamoxifen and anastrazole in the prevention of gynecomastia and breast pain induced by bicalutamide monotherapy of prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:808-815.http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/full/23/4/808http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681525?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Salzstein D, Sieber P, Morris T, et al. Prevention and management of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia and breast pain: randomized endocrinologic and clinical studies with tamoxifen and anastrozole. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2005;8:75-83.http://www.nature.com/pcan/journal/v8/n1/full/4500782a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15685254?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Fradet Y, Egerdie B, Andersen M, et al. Tamoxifen as prophylaxis for prevention of gynaecomastia and breast pain associated with bicalutamide 150 mg monotherapy in patients with prostate cancer: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Eur Urol. 2007;52:106-114.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17270340?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Viani GA, Bernardes da Silva LG, Stefano EJ. Prevention of gynecomastia and
breast pain caused by androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: tamoxifen
or radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;83:e519-e524.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704706?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Kunath F, Keck B, Antes G, et al. Tamoxifen for the management of breast events induced by non-steroidal antiandrogens in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2012;10:96.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3464149/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22925442?tool=bestpractice.com或雷洛昔芬[33]Lawrence SE, Faught KA, Vethamuthu J, et al. Beneficial effects of raloxifene and tamoxifen in the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia. J Pediatr. 2004;145:71-76.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15238910?tool=bestpractice.com可以减少男性乳房发育症发生的风险
低剂量的乳房照射(10-15 GU)可以减少男性乳房发育症的发生,但是其有效性低于他莫昔芬。[31]Viani GA, Bernardes da Silva LG, Stefano EJ. Prevention of gynecomastia and
breast pain caused by androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: tamoxifen
or radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;83:e519-e524.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704706?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Tyrrell CJ, Payne H, Tammela TL, et al. Prophylactic breast irradiation with a single dose of electron beam radiotherapy (10 Gy) significantly reduces the incidence of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;60:476-483.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15380582?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Perdona S, Autorino R, De Placido S, et al. Efficacy of tamoxifen and radiotherapy for prevention and treatment of gynecomastia and breast pain caused by bicalutamide in prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:295-300.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863377?tool=bestpractice.com
芳香化酶抑制剂阿那曲唑治疗预防男性乳房发育症的疗效与安慰剂类似。[28]Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Battaglia M, et al. Evaluation of tamoxifen and anastrazole in the prevention of gynecomastia and breast pain induced by bicalutamide monotherapy of prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:808-815.http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/full/23/4/808http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681525?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Salzstein D, Sieber P, Morris T, et al. Prevention and management of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia and breast pain: randomized endocrinologic and clinical studies with tamoxifen and anastrozole. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2005;8:75-83.http://www.nature.com/pcan/journal/v8/n1/full/4500782a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15685254?tool=bestpractice.com