中毒性结肠炎与中毒性巨结肠

Ausch C, Madoff RD, Gnant M, et al. Aetiology and surgical management of toxic megacolon. Colorectal Dis. 2006 Mar;8(3):195-201.

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Sheth SG, LaMont JT. Toxic megacolon. Lancet. 1998 Feb 14;351(9101):509-13.

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Klobuka AJ, Markelov A. Current status of surgical treatment for fulminant clostridium difficile colitis. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2013 Jun 27;5(6):167-72.

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Teeuwen PH, Stommel MW, Bremers AJ, et al. Colectomy in patients with acute colitis: a systematic review. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009 Apr;13(4):676-86.

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Berman L, Carling T, Fitzgerald TN, et al. Defining surgical therapy for pseudomembranous colitis with toxic megacolon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008 May-Jun;42(5):476-80.

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3.  Greenstein AJ, Sachar DB, Gibas A, et al. Outcome of toxic dilatation in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1985 Apr;7(2):137-43.

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4.  Ausch C, Madoff RD, Gnant M, et al. Aetiology and surgical management of toxic megacolon. Colorectal Dis. 2006 Mar;8(3):195-201.

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32.  Klobuka AJ, Markelov A. Current status of surgical treatment for fulminant clostridium difficile colitis. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2013 Jun 27;5(6):167-72.

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33.  Teeuwen PH, Stommel MW, Bremers AJ, et al. Colectomy in patients with acute colitis: a systematic review. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009 Apr;13(4):676-86.

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38.  van Geenen EJ, Sachar DB. Infliximab in Crohn's disease-associated toxic megacolon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012 Apr;46(4):321-3.

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39.  Sinagra E, Orlando A, Renna S, et al. Is really megacolon a contraindication to infliximab in Crohn's disease? Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2013 Dec;76(4):442-4.

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40.  Narabayashi K, Inoue T, Sakanaka T, et al. Oral tacrolimus for megacolon in patients with severe ulcerative colitis. Intern Med. 2014;53(16):1755-8.

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41.  Hayashi R, Ueno Y, Tanaka S, et al. Two cases of severe ulcerative colitis with colonic dilatation resolved with tacrolimus therapy. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 31;9(2):272-7.

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42.  Mitsuyama K, Sata M. Therapeutic leukocytapheresis in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical efficacy and mechanisms of action. Cytotherapy. 2009;11(2):229-37.

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44.  Yokoyama Y, Matsuoka K, Kobayashi T, et al. A large-scale, prospective, observational study of leukocytapheresis for ulcerative colitis: treatment outcomes of 847 patients in clinical practice. J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Sep;8(9):981-91.

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45.  Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep;48(8):693-702.

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46.  Gweon TG, Lee KJ, Kang DH, et al. A case of toxic megacolon caused by Clostridium difficile infection and treated with fecal microbiota transplantation. Gut Liver. 2015 Mar;9(2):247-50.

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47.  Yu S, Abdelkarim A, Nawras A, et al. Fecal transplant for treatment of toxic megacolon associated with Clostridium difficile colitis in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Ther. 2016 Mar-Apr;23(2):e609-13.

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48.  Trudel JL, Deschenes M, Mayrand S, et el. Toxic megacolon complicating pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995 Oct;38(10):1033-8.

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50.  Berman L, Carling T, Fitzgerald TN, et al. Defining surgical therapy for pseudomembranous colitis with toxic megacolon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008 May-Jun;42(5):476-80.

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51.  Perera AD, Akbari RP, Cowher MS, et al. Colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis: predictors of mortality. Am Surg. 2010 Apr;76(4):418-21.

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52.  Osman KA, Ahmed MH, Hamad MA, et al. Emergency colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis: striking the right balance. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011 Oct;46(10):1222-7.

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53.  Borgia G, Maraolo AE, Foggia M, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection: back to the future. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015 Jul;15(7):1001-14.

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