CLM 主要由犬钩虫Ancylostoma caninum和猫钩虫Ancylostoma braziliense的感染期幼虫侵入人体皮肤所致。其他动物钩虫(例如狭头弯口钩虫(一种分布于欧洲的犬钩虫)Uncinaria stenocephala和牛仰口线虫(牛钩虫)Bunostomum phlebotomum为不常见的虫种。[18]Hochedez P, Caumes E. Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans. J Travel Med. 2007;14:326-333.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00148.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17883464?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Heukelbach J, Feldmeier H. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:302-309.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18471775?tool=bestpractice.com钩虫成虫寄生在动物的肠道,虫卵随动物粪便排出体外而污染环境。虫卵内细胞发育为幼虫,释放出的幼虫在热带和亚热带多沙、潮湿的土壤中能存活一段时间。当人体皮肤接触含有动物钩虫幼虫的土壤或沙滩时,幼虫即侵入引起感染。因此,到热带或亚热带地区(尤其是加勒比海、巴西、墨西哥、东南亚和非洲)度假的游客,当赤脚在沙滩上行走或晒日光浴时极易被感染。[2]Tremblay A, MacLean JD, Gyorkos T, et al. Outbreak of cutaneous larva migrans in a group of travellers. Trop Med Int Health. 2000;5:330-334.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00557.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10886795?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Davies HD, Sakuls P, Keystone JS. Creeping eruption. A review of clinical presentation and management of 60 cases presenting to a tropical disease unit. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:588-591.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8481019?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Jelinek T, Maiwald H, Nothdurft HD, et al. Cutaneous larva migrans in travelers: synopsis of histories, symptoms, and treatment of 98 patients. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;19:1062-1066.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7534125?tool=bestpractice.com生活在这些地区的人,特别是生活在社会底层及经常赤脚走路的儿童易于感染。[9]Reichert F, Pilger D, Schuster A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (HrCLM) in a resource-poor community in Manaus, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004514.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4807001/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27010204?tool=bestpractice.com