发达国家报告的大多数CLM患者为近期去过热带旅游的旅游者,特别是从加勒比海、东南亚、南美洲和非洲的海滩度假归来的旅游者。[2]Tremblay A, MacLean JD, Gyorkos T, et al. Outbreak of cutaneous larva migrans in a group of travellers. Trop Med Int Health. 2000;5:330-334.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00557.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10886795?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Davies HD, Sakuls P, Keystone JS. Creeping eruption. A review of clinical presentation and management of 60 cases presenting to a tropical disease unit. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:588-591.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8481019?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Blackwell V, Vega-Lopez F. Cutaneous larva migrans: clinical features and management of 44 cases presenting in the returning traveller. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145:434-437.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11531833?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Edelglass JW, Douglass MC, Stiefler R, et al. Cutaneous larva migrans in northern climates. A souvenir of your dream vacation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982;7:353-358.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7130496?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Kollaritsch H, Jeschko E, Wiedermann G. Albendazole is highly effective against cutaneous larva migrans but not against Giardia infection: results of an open pilot trial in travellers returning from the tropics. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1993;87:689.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296380?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Boggild AK, Yohanna S, Keystone JS, et al. Prospective analysis of parasitic infections in Canadian travelers and immigrants. J Travel Med. 2006;13:138-144.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2006.00032.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16706944?tool=bestpractice.com CLM常见于允许流浪犬和猫在海滩上随便排便的地区。
[9]Reichert F, Pilger D, Schuster A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (HrCLM) in a resource-poor community in Manaus, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004514.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4807001/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27010204?tool=bestpractice.com在疫区,绝大多数患者是儿童,特别是那些生活在社会底层以及经常赤脚走路的儿童。
由于含胚卵和幼虫在潮湿土壤中的存活时间比在干燥土壤中更长,因此在这些地区的雨季,被感染的危险性进一步增大。[17]Heukelbach J, Wilcke T, Meier A, et al. A longitudinal study on cutaneous larva migrans in an impoverished Brazilian township. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2003;1:213-218.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291920?tool=bestpractice.com