全世界所有热带海岸地区均发现有该病流行,尤其是在南美洲(特别是巴西)、印度次大陆和加勒比海的贫困社区。[5]Gutierrez de la Solana Dumas J, Alvarez Mesa M, Manzur Katrib J. An outbreak of cutaneous larva migrans [in Spanish]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1983;35:303-316.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6379775?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Heukelbach J, Wilcke T, Feldmeier H, et al. Cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption) in an urban slum in Brazil. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:511-515.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15230890?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Kannathasan S, Murugananthan A, Rajeshkannan N, et al. Cutaneous larva migrans among devotees of the Nallur temple in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. PLoS One. 2012;7:e30516.http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030516http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22295089?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Schuster A, Lesshafft H, Talhari S, et al. Life quality impairment caused by hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans in resource-poor communities in Manaus, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5:e1355.http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0001355http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087341?tool=bestpractice.com这些地区被感染的绝大多数是儿童,特别是生活在社会底层的儿童以及那些经常赤脚走路的儿童。[9]Reichert F, Pilger D, Schuster A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (HrCLM) in a resource-poor community in Manaus, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004514.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4807001/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27010204?tool=bestpractice.com
几乎所有在美国发现的CLM 患者近期都曾到热带和亚热带地区海滩旅游,特别是加勒比海、巴西、墨西哥和东南亚。[3]Davies HD, Sakuls P, Keystone JS. Creeping eruption. A review of clinical presentation and management of 60 cases presenting to a tropical disease unit. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:588-591.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8481019?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Jelinek T, Maiwald H, Nothdurft HD, et al. Cutaneous larva migrans in travelers: synopsis of histories, symptoms, and treatment of 98 patients. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;19:1062-1066.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7534125?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Lee VJ, Ong A, Lee NG, et al. Hookworm infections in Singaporean soldiers after jungle training in Brunei Darussalam. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007;101:1214-1218.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17919671?tool=bestpractice.comCLM是归来的旅游者感染的最常见的寄生虫病之一。[3]Davies HD, Sakuls P, Keystone JS. Creeping eruption. A review of clinical presentation and management of 60 cases presenting to a tropical disease unit. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:588-591.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8481019?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Gautret P, Cramer JP, Field V, et al. Infectious diseases among travellers and migrants in Europe, EuroTravNet 2010. Euro Surveill. 2012;17:pii:20205.http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20205http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22790534?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Stevens MS, Geduld J, Libman M, et al. Dermatoses among returned Canadian travellers and immigrants: surveillance report based on CanTravNet data, 2009-2012. CMAJ Open. 2015;3:E119-E126.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382030/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25844364?tool=bestpractice.com美国偶尔有本土感染的病例报告,通常来自佛罗里达和南卡罗来纳等东南沿海各州。[14]Simon MW, Simon NP. Cutaneous larva migrans. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2003;19:350-352.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14578837?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Boland TW, Agger WA. Cutaneous larva migrans; recent experience in the La Crossa area. Wis Med J. 1980;79:32-34.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7368763?tool=bestpractice.com[16]O'Quinn JC, Dushin R. Cutaneous larva migrans: case report with current recommendations for treatment. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2005;95:291-294.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901819?tool=bestpractice.com在美国,尽管年龄较小的人也被感染,但大多数患者是成人,[2]Tremblay A, MacLean JD, Gyorkos T, et al. Outbreak of cutaneous larva migrans in a group of travellers. Trop Med Int Health. 2000;5:330-334.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00557.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10886795?tool=bestpractice.com由于虫卵和幼虫在多沙、潮湿的土壤中能存活比较长的时间,这种条件下犬和猫的感染率也增加,所以CLM在雨季更常见。[17]Heukelbach J, Wilcke T, Meier A, et al. A longitudinal study on cutaneous larva migrans in an impoverished Brazilian township. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2003;1:213-218.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291920?tool=bestpractice.com