急性间质性肾炎 (AIN) 的预后良好。 大多数药物相关 AIN 患者在停用致病药物后肾功能显著改善。[1]Bhat P, Appel GB. Tubulointerstitial diseases. In: ACP medicine. New York, NY: WebMD Inc.; 2006:2027-2043.[3]Baker RJ, Pusey CD. The changing profile of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:8-11.http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/1/8.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671029?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Kodner CM, Kudrimoti A. Diagnosis and management of acute interstitial nephritis. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67:2527-2534.http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0615/p2527.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12825841?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Ten RM, Torres VE, Milliner DS, et al. Acute interstitial nephritis: immunologic and clinical aspects. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:921-930.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3045437?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Appel GB. The treatment of acute interstitial nephritis: more data at last. Kidney Int. 2008;73:905-907.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18379525?tool=bestpractice.com 只有一少部分发展到需要透析,但这些患者中的大多数会恢复足够的肾功能而结束肾替代疗法。然而,一些残留肾功能不全患者仍然有肾功能异常。[6]Appel GB. The treatment of acute interstitial nephritis: more data at last. Kidney Int. 2008;73:905-907.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18379525?tool=bestpractice.com 活检下肾小管间质纤维化,是 AIN 的长期后果。[48]Laberke HG, Bohle A. Acute interstitial nephritis: correlations between clinical and morphological findings. Clin. Nephrol. 1980;14:263-273.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7471529?tool=bestpractice.com 一些患者多次复发,需要重复皮质类固醇疗程。 少部分患者需要长期皮质类固醇治疗以维持肾功能。