DiGeorge综合征(22qDS)是最常见的中间缺失综合征,发生率仅次于21三体综合征(唐氏综合征)。瑞典Götaland区的证据表明存活新生儿中平均年发生率约为14/100 000活产婴儿(多学科专家团队基地所在地Gothenburg数据约为23/100 000活产婴儿),16岁以下儿童中患病率约为13/100 000(Gothenburg数据约为23/100 000活产婴儿)。[8]Oskarsdottir S, Vujic M, Fasth A. Incidence and prevalence of the 22q11 deletion syndrome: a population-based study in Western Sweden. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:148-151.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1719787&blobtype=pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14736631?tool=bestpractice.com美国活产儿中染色体22q缺失发生率为1/4000至1/6000。[9]Botto LD, May K, Fernhoff PM, et al. A population-based study of the 22q11.2 deletion: phenotype, incidence, and contribution to major birth defects in the population. Pediatrics. 2003;112:101-107.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12837874?tool=bestpractice.com来自美国北部及南部的证据表明患病无性别差异,且未证实具有种族倾向性,但可能会影响疾病的特殊表现。[9]Botto LD, May K, Fernhoff PM, et al. A population-based study of the 22q11.2 deletion: phenotype, incidence, and contribution to major birth defects in the population. Pediatrics. 2003;112:101-107.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12837874?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Munoz S, Garay F, Flores I, et al. Clinical heterogeneity of the chromosome 22q11 microdeletion syndrome. Rev Med Chil. 2001;129:515-521.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11464533?tool=bestpractice.com
大多数表现为心脏病或低钙血症的22q片段缺失在婴儿期被发现。没有这些明显的临床表现者容易被漏诊,在后期因学习障碍、腭裂或精神疾病被确诊。先前认为该综合征在成人罕见,但随着心脏手术后生存率的改善及荧光原位杂交技术广泛应用于染色体缺失的检测,更多的成年患者被确诊。需要通过胸腺移植或成熟T细胞过继转移的方式进行免疫重建的完全型DiGeorge综合征较为罕见,非典型DiGeorge综合征(伴自身免疫性寡克隆T细胞群活化的完全型综合征)亦如此。[3]Markert ML, Alexieff MJ, Li J, et al. Complete DiGeorge syndrome: development of rash, lymphadenopathy, and oligoclonal T cells in 5 cases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:734-741.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15100681?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Land MH, Garcia-Lloret MI, Borzy MS, et al. Long-term results of bone marrow transplantation in complete DiGeorge syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120:908-915.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17931564?tool=bestpractice.com