沙眼

World Health Organization. Primary health care level management of trachoma. http://www.who.int (last accessed 30 March 2016).

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World Health Organization. Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers. 2006. http://www.who.int (last accessed 30 March 2016).

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Evans JR, Solomon AW. Antibiotics for trachoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(3):CD001860.

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Dawson CR, Schachter J, Sallam S, et al. A comparison of oral azithromycin with topical oxytetracycline/polymyxin for the treatment of trachoma in children. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:363-368.

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Harding-Esch EM, Sillah A, Edwards T, et al; Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) study group. Mass treatment with azithromycin for trachoma: when is one round enough? Results from the PRET Trial in the Gambia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2115.

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Lietman T, Porco T, Dawson C, et al. Global elimination of trachoma: how frequently should we administer mass chemotherapy. Nature Med. 1999;5:572-576.

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Ejere HO, Alhassan MB, Rabiu M. Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD003659.

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Ngondi J, Onsarigo A, Matthews F, et al. Effect of 3 years of SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental change) strategy for trachoma control in southern Sudan: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2006;368:589-595.

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Bowman RJ, Faal H, Myatt M, et al. Longitudinal study of trachomatous trichiasis in the Gambia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:339-343.

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Reacher M, Foster A, Huber J. Trichiasis surgery for trachoma: the bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1998;WHO/PBL/93.29.

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West ES, Munoz B, Imeru A, et al. The association between epilation and corneal opacity in eye with trachomatous trichiasis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:171-174.

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1.  Polack S, Brooker S, Kuper H, et al. Mapping the global distribution of trachoma. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83:913-919.

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2.  World Health Organization. Report of the 2nd global scientific meeting on trachoma. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2003:WHO/PBD/GET 03.1.

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3.  West SK, Munoz B, Mkocha H, et al. Progression of active trachoma to scarring in a cohort of Tanzanian children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2001;8:137-144.

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4.  Bowman RJ, Jatta B, Cham B, et al. Natural history of trachomatous scarring in the Gambia: results of a 12-year longitudinal follow-up. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:2219-2224.

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5.  Schemann JF, Sacko D, Malvy D, et al. Risk factors for trachoma in Mali. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:194-201.

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6.  Taylor HR, West SK, Mmbaga BB, et al. Hygiene factors and increased risk of trachoma in central Tanzania. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:1821-1825.

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7.  West SK, Congdon N, Katala S, et al. Facial cleanliness and risk of trachoma in families. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:855-857.

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8.  West SK, Munoz B, Lynch M, et al. Risk factors for constant, severe trachoma among preschool children in Kongwa, Tanzania. Am J Epidemiol.1996;143:73-78.

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9.  Wright HR, Turner A, Taylor HR. Trachoma and poverty: unnecessary blindness further disadvantages the poorest people in the poorest countries. Clin Exp Optom. 2007;90:422-428.

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10.  Miller K, Pakpour N, Yi E, et al. Pesky trachoma suspect finally caught. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:750-751.

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11.  West S, Lynch M, Turner V, et al. Water availability and trachoma. Bull World Health Organ. 1989;67:71-75.

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12.  Emerson PM, Lindsay SW, Alexander N, et al. Role of flies and provision of latrines in trachoma control: cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363:1093-1098.

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13.  World Health Organization. Primary health care level management of trachoma. http://www.who.int (last accessed 30 March 2016).

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14.  Wright HR, Taylor HR. Clinical examination and laboratory tests for the estimation of trachoma prevalence in a remote setting: what are they really telling us? Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:313-320.

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15.  Solomon AW, Foster A, Mabey DC. Clinical examination versus Chlamydia trachomatis assays to guide antibiotic use in trachoma control programmes. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:5-6.

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16.  Michel CE, Solomon AW, Magbanua JP, et al. Field evaluation of a rapid point-of-care assay for targeting antibiotic treatment for trachoma control: a comparative study. Lancet. 2006;367:1585-1590.

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17.  World Health Organization. Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers. 2006. http://www.who.int (last accessed 30 March 2016).

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18.  Negrel AD, Taylor HR, West S. Guidelines for rapid assessment for blinding trachoma. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization and International Trachoma Initiative; 2001.

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19.  West SK, Bailey R, Munoz B, et al. A randomized trial of two coverage targets for mass treatment with azithromycin for trachoma. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2415.

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20.  Yohannan J, Munoz B, Mkocha H, et al. Can we stop mass drug administration prior to 3 annual rounds in communities with low prevalence of trachoma?: PRET Ziada trial results. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131:431-436.

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21.  House JI, Ayele B, Porco TC, et al. Assessment of herd protection against trachoma due to repeated mass antibiotic distributions: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2009;373:1111-1118.

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22.  Evans JR, Solomon AW. Antibiotics for trachoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(3):CD001860.

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23.  Bailey RL, Arullendran P, Whittle HC, et al. Randomised controlled trial of single-dose azithromycin in treatment of trachoma. Lancet. 1993;342:453-456.

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24.  Tabbara KF, Abu el-Asrar AM, Al-Omar O, et al. Single-dose azithromycin in the treatment of trachoma. Ophthalmology 1996;103:842-846.

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25.  Dawson CR, Schachter J, Sallam S, et al. A comparison of oral azithromycin with topical oxytetracycline/polymyxin for the treatment of trachoma in children. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:363-368.

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26.  Bowman RJ, Sillah A, Van Dehn C, et al. Operational comparison of single-dose azithromycin and topical tetracycline for trachoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:4074-4079.

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27.  Porco TC, Gebre T, Ayele B, et al. Effect of mass distribution of azithromycin for trachoma control on overall mortality in Ethiopian children: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2009;302:962-968.

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28.  Fry AM, Jha HC, Lietman TM, et al. Adverse and beneficial secondary effects of mass treatment with azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma in Nepal. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:395-402.

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29.  Harding-Esch EM, Sillah A, Edwards T, et al; Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) study group. Mass treatment with azithromycin for trachoma: when is one round enough? Results from the PRET Trial in the Gambia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2115.

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30.  Lietman T, Porco T, Dawson C, et al. Global elimination of trachoma: how frequently should we administer mass chemotherapy. Nature Med. 1999;5:572-576.

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31.  Melese M, Alemayehu W, Lakew T, et al. Comparison of annual and biannual mass antibiotic administration for elimination of infectious trachoma. JAMA. 2008;299:778-784.

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32.  Gebre T, Ayele B, Zerihun M, et al. Comparison of annual versus twice-yearly mass azithromycin treatment for hyperendemic trachoma in Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2012;379:143-151.

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33.  Hsieh YH, Bobo LD, Quinn TC, et al. Risk factors for trachoma: 6-year follow-up of children aged 1 and 2 years. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152:204-211.

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34.  Ejere HO, Alhassan MB, Rabiu M. Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD003659.

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• 摘要

35.  Ngondi J, Onsarigo A, Matthews F, et al. Effect of 3 years of SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental change) strategy for trachoma control in southern Sudan: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2006;368:589-595.

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36.  Khandekar R, Ton TK, Do Thi P. Impact of face washing and environmental improvements on reduction of active trachoma in Vietnam - a public health intervention study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2006;13:43-52.

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37.  Haile M, Tadesse Z, Gebreselassie S, et al. The association between latrine use and trachoma: a secondary cohort analysis from a randomized clinical trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;89:717-720.

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38.  Abdou A, Munoz BE, Nassirou B, et al. How much is not enough? A community randomized trial of a Water and Health Education programme for trachoma and ocular C. trachomatis infection in Niger. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15:98-104.

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39.  Emerson PM, Lindsay SW, Walraven GE, et al. Effect of fly control on trachoma and diarrhoea. Lancet. 1999;353:1401-1403.

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40.  West SK, Emerson PM, Mkocha H, et al. Intensive insecticide spraying for fly control after mass antibiotic treatment for trachoma in a hyperendemic setting: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006;368:596-600.

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41.  Frick KD, Melia BM, Buhrmann RR, et al. Trichiasis and disability in a trachoma-endemic area of Tanzania. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1839-1844.

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42.  Dhaliwal P, Nagpal G, Bhatia MS. Health-related quality of life in patients with trachomatous trichiasis or entropion. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2006;13:59-66.

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43.  Bowman RJ, Faal H, Myatt M, et al. Longitudinal study of trachomatous trichiasis in the Gambia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:339-343.

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44.  Reacher M, Foster A, Huber J. Trichiasis surgery for trachoma: the bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1998;WHO/PBL/93.29.

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45.  Reacher M, Munoz B, Alghassany A, et al. A controlled trial of surgery for trachomatous trichiasis of the upper lid. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110:667-674.

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46.  Zhang H, Kandel RP, Atakari HK, et al. Impact of oral azithromycin on recurrence of trachomatous trichiasis in Nepal over 1 year. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:943-948.

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47.  West S, Lynch M, Munoz B, et al. Predicting surgical compliance in a cohort of women with trichiasis. Int Ophthalmol. 1994;18:105-109.

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48.  Oliva MS, Munoz B, Lynch M, et al. Evaluation of barriers to surgical compliance in the treatment of trichiasis. Int Ophthalmol. 1997-1998;21:235-241.

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49.  Courtright P. Acceptance of surgery for trichiasis among rural Malawian women. East Afr Med J. 1994;71:803-804.

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50.  Rabiu MA, Abiose A. Magnitude of trachoma and barriers to uptake of lid surgery in a rural community of northern Nigeria. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2001;8:181-190.

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51.  Bowman RJ, Faal H, Jatta B, et al. Longitudinal study of trachomatous trichiasis in The Gambia: barriers to acceptance of surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:936-940.

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52.  West SK, West ES, Alemayehu W, et al. Single-dose azithromycin prevents trichiasis recurrence following surgery: randomized trial in Ethiopia. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:309-314.

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53.  Nagpal G, Dhaliwal U, Bhatia MS. Barriers to acceptance of intervention among patients with trachomatous trichiasis or entropion presenting to a teaching hospital. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2006;13:53-58.

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54.  West ES, Munoz B, Imeru A, et al. The association between epilation and corneal opacity in eye with trachomatous trichiasis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:171-174.

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55.  Rajak SN, Habtamu E, Weiss HA, et al. Surgery versus epilation for the treatment of minor trichiasis in Ethiopia: a randomised controlled noninferiority trial. PLoS Med. 2011;8:e1001136.

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56.  Rajak SN, Habtamu E, Weiss HA, et al. Absorbable versus silk sutures for surgical treatment of trachomatous trichiasis in Ethiopia: a randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2011;8:e1001137

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57.  Cochereau I, Goldschmidt P, Goepogui A, et al. Efficacy and safety of short duration azithromycin eye drops versus azithromycin single oral dose for the treatment of trachoma in children: a randomised, controlled, double-masked clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:667.

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