美国特发性颅内高压 (IIH) 的年发病率为 0.9/100,000,15 岁至 44 岁女性发病率为 3.5/100,000。[3]Durcan FJ, Corbett JJ, Wall M. The incidence of pseudotumor cerebri: population studies in Iowa and Louisiana. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:875-877.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3395261?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Radhakrishnan K, Ahlskog JE, Cross SA, et al. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): descriptive epidemiology in Rochester, Minn, 1976 to 1990. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:78-80.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418804?tool=bestpractice.com 体重超过理想体重 20% 或以上,且年龄为 20 岁至 44 岁的肥胖女性的发病率为 19/100,000。[3]Durcan FJ, Corbett JJ, Wall M. The incidence of pseudotumor cerebri: population studies in Iowa and Louisiana. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:875-877.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3395261?tool=bestpractice.com 90% 以上的患者肥胖,且育龄妇女比例 > 90%。 女性占多数,与肥胖有关,但这些结论仅适用于青春期后的患者。[5]Balcer LJ, Liu GT, Forman S, et al. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: relation of age and obesity in children. Neurology. 1999;52:870-872.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10078746?tool=bestpractice.com 诊断平均年龄约为 30 岁。[3]Durcan FJ, Corbett JJ, Wall M. The incidence of pseudotumor cerebri: population studies in Iowa and Louisiana. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:875-877.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3395261?tool=bestpractice.com 世界各地人群都会发生特发性颅内压增高,年发病率约为 1-3/100,000。[6]Lueck C, McIlwaine G, Lueck C, McIlwaine G. Interventions for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2005;(3):CD003434.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003434.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034899?tool=bestpractice.com 原始数据显示,利比亚特发性颅内高血压的年发病率为 2.2/100,000,15 岁至 44 岁肥胖女性的年发病率为 21.4/100,000。[7]Radhakrishnan K, Thacker AK, Bohlaga NH, et al. Epidemiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a prospective and case-control study. J Neurol Sci. 1993;116:18-28.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8509801?tool=bestpractice.com 在美国的一项有 165 名受试者(患 IIH 和轻度视力丧失)的特发性颅内高压治疗试验 (IIHTT) 随机对照研究中,所有受试者都超重,其中,肥胖者占 88%,女性占 98%。[8]NORDIC Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Study Group Writing Committee; Wall M, McDermott MP, Kieburtz KD, et al. Effect of acetazolamide on visual function in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and mild visual loss: the idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial. JAMA. 2014;311:1641-1651.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1861803http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24756514?tool=bestpractice.com
怀孕和未怀孕女性的发病率相同,可发生于怀孕的任何时期。[9]Digre KB, Corbett JJ. Pseudotumor cerebri in men. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:866-872.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3395260?tool=bestpractice.com