卒中是大多数资源丰富国家的第三大死亡原因和主要的致残原因。全球每年约有 450 万人死于卒中。[3]Alawneh J, Clatworthy P, Morris RS, et al. Stroke management. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011 Jun 9;2011:0201.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217648/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21658301?tool=bestpractice.com 美国每年约有 70 万卒中新发病例。[4]Towfighi A, Saver JL. Stroke declines from third to fourth leading cause of death in the United States: historical perspective and challenges ahead. Stroke. 2011 Aug;42(8):2351-5.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/strokeaha.111.621904http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778445?tool=bestpractice.com 其中,缺血性卒中约占 85%,而出血性卒中约占 15%。3/4 的出血性卒中为脑出血,其余 1/4 为蛛网膜下腔出血。尽管在过去 40 年期间,缺血性卒中的发病率下降,以及治疗脑内出血有了新的技术用于临床实践,但脑内出血的发病率和死亡率并没有显著变化。脑内出血的发病率随着年龄的增加而上升,并且在特定人群中也升高。总体上,男性的发病率高于女性。并且,亚裔的脑内出血发病率高于其他族裔,包括黑人和西班牙裔。[5]Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2006 Feb 14;113(6):e85-151.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.105.171600http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407573?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Jolink WM, Klijn CJ, Brouwers PJ, et al. Time trends in incidence, case fatality, and mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2015 Oct 13;85(15):1318-24.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377254?tool=bestpractice.com