乳腺炎在哺乳期女性中的全球患病率约为 1% 至 10%,但可能更高。[1]World Health Organization. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva: WHO; 2000.http://libdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf[2]Betzold CM. An update on the recognition and management of lactational breast inflammation. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007;52:595-605.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17983997?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Foxman B, D'Arcy H, Gillespie B, et al. Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155:103-114.http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/155/2/103.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11790672?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, et al. Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. BJOG. 2004;111:1378-1381.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15663122?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Marchant DJ. Inflammation of the breast. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2002;29:89-102.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11892876?tool=bestpractice.com 导管扩张(与炎症相关的管周乳腺炎或导管扩张)在非哺乳期女性中的发生率为 5% 至 9%。乳房脓肿在乳腺炎女性中的发生率为 3% 至 11%,在母乳喂养女性中报告的发生率为 0.1% 至 3%。[4]Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, et al. Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. BJOG. 2004;111:1378-1381.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15663122?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Meguid MM, Kort KC, Numan PJ, et al. Subareolar breast abscess: the penultimate stage of the mammary duct-associated inflammatory disease sequence. In: Bland KI, Copeland EM III, eds. The breast, vol 1. 3rd ed. St Louis, MO: Saunders; 2004:93-131.[7]Dener C, Inan A. Breast abscesses in lactating women. World J Surg. 2003;27:130-133.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12616423?tool=bestpractice.com 在患有新生儿乳腺炎的婴儿中,约 50% 会出现乳房脓肿。[8]Efrat M, Mogilner JG, Iujtman M, et al. Neonatal mastitis - diagnosis and treatment. Isr J Med Sci. 1995;31:558-560.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7558780?tool=bestpractice.com 结核性乳房炎较为罕见 [即使在结核 (TB) 流行的国家],所报告的发生率在 0.1% 至 3% 之间。[9]Hamit HF, Ragsdale TH. Mammary tuberculosis. J R Soc Med. 1982;75:764-765.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=6890112http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6890112?tool=bestpractice.com 乳瘘在女性中的发生率为 1% 至 2%。[6]Meguid MM, Kort KC, Numan PJ, et al. Subareolar breast abscess: the penultimate stage of the mammary duct-associated inflammatory disease sequence. In: Bland KI, Copeland EM III, eds. The breast, vol 1. 3rd ed. St Louis, MO: Saunders; 2004:93-131. 特发性肉芽肿性乳腺炎是一种非常罕见的乳房疾病。[10]Al-Khaffaf B, Knox F, Bundred NJ. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a 25-year experience. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:269-273.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222379?tool=bestpractice.com