据报道,活产儿腹裂发病率为 1/10,000 至 6/10,000。[1]deVries PA. The pathogenesis of gastroschisis and omphalocele. J Pediatr Surg. 1980 Jun;15(3):245-51.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6445962?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Torfs C, Curry C, Roeper P. Gastroschisis. J Pediatr. 1990 Jan;116(1):1-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2136909?tool=bestpractice.com 年轻母亲生产婴儿的腹裂发病率更高,20 岁以下孕妇产出的婴儿腹裂发病率比 25-29 岁孕妇产出的婴儿高 10-16 倍,且男婴发病率略高。[3]Nichols CR, Dickinson JE, Pemberton PJ. Rising incidence of gastroschisis in teenage pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Med. 1997 Jul-Aug;6(4):225-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9260121?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. Demographic, reproductive, medical and environmental factors in relation to gastroschisis. Teratology. 1992 Apr;45(4):353-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1533957?tool=bestpractice.com 一些研究表明由于血管收缩药物的使用,全球的腹裂发病率有所升高。[5]Molik KA, Gingalewski CA, West KW, et al. Gastroschisis: a plea for risk categorization. J Pediatr Surg. 2001 Jan;36(1):51-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11150437?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Davis RP, Treadwell MC, Drongowski RA, et al. Risk stratification in gastroschisis: can prenatal evaluation or early postnatal factors predict outcome? Pediatr Surg Int. 2009 Apr;25(4):319-25.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277683?tool=bestpractice.com
在活产儿中,小型脐膨出的发病率为 1/ 5000 ,大型脐膨出不太常见,发病率为1/ 10,000 。美国的脐膨出发病率与欧洲相同。[7]Moore TC. Omphalomesenteric duct malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 1996 May;5(2):116-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9138710?tool=bestpractice.com 与腹裂不同,脐膨出更多见于高龄产妇(>40 岁)的孩子。[8]Salihu HM, Boos R, Schmidt W. Omphalocele and gastroschisis. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002 Sep;22(5):489-92.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12521414?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Salihu HM, Emusu D, Aliyu ZY, et al. Omphalocele, advanced maternal age, and fetal morbidity outcomes. Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Jun 1;135(2):161-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15887299?tool=bestpractice.com