由于腹裂和脐膨出病因不清,因此难以制定预防措施。一些证据表明妊娠期服用多种维生素可预防脐膨出,但是证据力度不强。[11]Botto LD, Mulinare J, Erickson JD. Occurrence of omphalocele in relation to maternal multivitamin use: a population-based study. Pediatrics. 2002 May;109(5):904-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11986454?tool=bestpractice.com 其他数据表明妊娠期避免服用娱乐性药物可预防这些腹壁缺损。[10]Draper ES, Rankin J, Tonks AM, et al. Recreational drug use: a major risk factor for gastroschisis? Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Feb 15;167(4):485-91.http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/167/4/485.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063593?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Torfs CP, Velie EM, Oechsli FW, et al. A population-based study of gastroschisis: demographic, pregnancy, and lifestyle risk factors. Teratology. 1994 Jul;50(1):44-53.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7974254?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Goldbaum G, Daling J, Milham S. Risk factors for gastroschisis. Teratology. 1990 Oct;42(4):397-403.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2147789?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Laughon M, Meyer R, Bose C, et al. Rising birth prevalence of gastroschisis. J Perinatol. 2003 Jun;23(4):291-3.http://www.nature.com/jp/journal/v23/n4/full/7210896a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12774135?tool=bestpractice.com 妊娠期吸烟也与腹裂和脐膨出有关,因此应极力避免。