患者需要每日评估小腿和大腿周长,以尽早发现DVT,以及检查皮肤和受压区是否有褥疮。 应该定期监测便质和排便频率以及干预治疗,以对肠管理计划进行适当调整。 呼吸系统[35]McKim DA, Road J, Avendano M, et al. Home mechanical ventilation: a Canadian Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Can Respir J. 2011;18:197-215.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3205101/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22059178?tool=bestpractice.com 并且应定期评估神经功能。
也应该监测慢性疾病患者的心理状况,如抑郁。[101]Kalpakjian CZ, Bombardier CH, Schomer K, et al. Measuring depression in persons with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Spinal Cord Med. 2009;32:6-24.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647502/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264045?tool=bestpractice.com 一项荟萃分析显示,认知行为治疗可能对短期的脊髓损伤后的心理结果有显著的积极作用,但是其长期作用需要进一步研究。[102]Dorstyn D, Mathias J, Denson L. Efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy for the management of psychological outcomes following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis. J Health Psychol. 2011;16:374-391.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978150?tool=bestpractice.com