患者治疗后应定期随访。胸腺瘤的侵袭性较低,往往比其他胸腺肿瘤复发得迟,有时在治疗后 10 年以上。因此,则至少 10 年需要进行随访。[3]Detterbeck FC, Parsons AM. Thymic tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:1860-1869.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15111216?tool=bestpractice.com[1]Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM. Malignant thymoma in the United States: demographic patterns in incidence and association with subsequent malignancies. Int J Cancer. 2003;105:546-551.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12712448?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Okumura M, Ohta M, Tateyama H, et al. The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients. Cancer. 2002;94:624-632.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11857293?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Kondo K, Monden Y. Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:878-885.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12963221?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Wright CD, Wain JC, Wong DR, et al. Predictors of recurrence in thymic tumors: importance of invasion, World Health Organization histology and size. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;130:1413-1421.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16256797?tool=bestpractice.com大多数临床医生每年胸部 CT 复查以监测低风险的胸腺瘤患者。经多模式治疗的局部晚期胸腺瘤需要更密集的随访,而且一般至少每 6 个月进行一次 CT。胸腺癌侵袭性更高,且比胸腺瘤复发得早。因此通常建议,每 4-6 个月进行密切监测和随访。