预后依赖于 Masaoka 分期、WHO 组织学分型,以及是否完整切除。额外的预后因素包括肿瘤大小和是否侵犯大血管。[3]Detterbeck FC, Parsons AM. Thymic tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:1860-1869.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15111216?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Okumura M, Ohta M, Tateyama H, et al. The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients. Cancer. 2002;94:624-632.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11857293?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Kondo K, Monden Y. Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:878-885.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12963221?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Wright CD, Wain JC, Wong DR, et al. Predictors of recurrence in thymic tumors: importance of invasion, World Health Organization histology and size. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;130:1413-1421.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16256797?tool=bestpractice.com
临床上带包膜的胸腺瘤
多数胸腺瘤切除后 10 年 存活率有70%-90%。[3]Detterbeck FC, Parsons AM. Thymic tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:1860-1869.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15111216?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Okumura M, Ohta M, Tateyama H, et al. The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncologic behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients. Cancer. 2002;94:624-632.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11857293?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Kondo K, Monden Y. Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:878-885.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12963221?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Wright CD, Wain JC, Wong DR, et al. Predictors of recurrence in thymic tumors: importance of invasion, World Health Organization histology and size. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;130:1413-1421.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16256797?tool=bestpractice.comMasaoka 分期可能是最重要的预后因素。在最大外科研究中,5 年的存活率为:I 期 100%,II 期 98%,III 期 88%,IVA 期 70%,IVB 期 52%。[10]Kondo K, Monden Y. Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:878-885.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12963221?tool=bestpractice.com
其他胸腺肿瘤
分化不良的胸腺癌通常预后不良。神经内分泌肿瘤的总体治愈率很低。