高钙血症发生于20% 到30%的癌症患者。[1]Stewart AF. Clinical practice. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):373-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673803?tool=bestpractice.com 癌症是住院患者发生高钙血症的最常见病因。[2]Lindner G, Felber R, Schwarz C, et al. Hypercalcemia in the ED: prevalence, etiology, and outcome. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Apr;31(4):657-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23246111?tool=bestpractice.com 恶性肿瘤相关体液性高钙血症(由甲状旁腺素相关肽 [PTHrP] 介导)在所有高钙血症病例中占 80%,其中典型的肿瘤包括鳞状细胞癌、肾癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、乳腺癌、人类嗜 T 细胞病毒相关性淋巴瘤。[1]Stewart AF. Clinical practice. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):373-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673803?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Horwitz MJ, Hodak SP, Steward AF. Non-parathyroid hypercalcemia. In: Rosen CJ, ed. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 8th ed. Washington, DC: American Society of Bone and Mineral Research; 2013:562-71.[4]Alberta Provincial Tumour Council. Oncologic emergencies: a guide for family physicians. Sep 2014 [internet publication].https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/info/hp/cancer/if-hp-cancer-guide-oncologic-emergencies.pdf 局部溶骨性高钙血症(骨转移瘤局部释放包括甲状旁腺激素相关肽 [PTHrP] 在内的促进破骨细胞分化和活性的因子)在所有高钙血症病例中占 20%,其中典型的肿瘤包括乳腺癌、多发性骨髓瘤和淋巴瘤。[1]Stewart AF. Clinical practice. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):373-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673803?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Horwitz MJ, Hodak SP, Steward AF. Non-parathyroid hypercalcemia. In: Rosen CJ, ed. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 8th ed. Washington, DC: American Society of Bone and Mineral Research; 2013:562-71.[4]Alberta Provincial Tumour Council. Oncologic emergencies: a guide for family physicians. Sep 2014 [internet publication].https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/info/hp/cancer/if-hp-cancer-guide-oncologic-emergencies.pdf 骨化三醇(1,25-二羟维生素 D)合成增加或异位甲状旁腺素分泌介导的高钙血症在所有高钙血症病例中占比<1%。[1]Stewart AF. Clinical practice. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):373-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673803?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Alberta Provincial Tumour Council. Oncologic emergencies: a guide for family physicians. Sep 2014 [internet publication].https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/info/hp/cancer/if-hp-cancer-guide-oncologic-emergencies.pdf