在欧洲，多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 的年发病率为 4.5-6.0/100,000，年死亡率为 4.1/100,000。[7]Moreau P, San Miguel J, Sonneveld P, et al. Multiple myeloma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017 Jul 1;28(suppl 4):iv52-61.https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/28/suppl_4/iv52/3768071http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453614?tool=bestpractice.com在欧洲，诊断时的年龄中位数为 72 岁。[7]Moreau P, San Miguel J, Sonneveld P, et al. Multiple myeloma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017 Jul 1;28(suppl 4):iv52-61.https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/28/suppl_4/iv52/3768071http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453614?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国，多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 是第二常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤，造成至少 2% 的癌症相关死亡。[8]Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):7-30.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21442http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29313949?tool=bestpractice.com[9]National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer stat facts: myeloma. 2018 [internet publication].https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html 预计在 2018 年，美国会有 30,770 例新发 MM 病例，以及 12,770 例 MM 死亡病例。[8]Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):7-30.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21442http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29313949?tool=bestpractice.com在美国，诊断时的年龄中位数为 69 岁。[9]National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer stat facts: myeloma. 2018 [internet publication].https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html
基于 2010 至 2014 年的病例统计，黑人男性和白人男性经年龄调整的新发骨髓瘤病例发病率分别为 15.9/100,000 和 7.8/100,000。[9]National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer stat facts: myeloma. 2018 [internet publication].https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html 相对应的黑人女性和白人女性的数据为 11.4/100,000 和 4.6/100,000。对于生活在美国的亚裔/太平洋岛民（4.7/100,000 [男性]）以及生活在亚洲的亚裔（中国、印度、日本和菲律宾人群）来说，所报道的发病率较低。[9]National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer stat facts: myeloma. 2018 [internet publication].https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html[10]Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS, Olshan AF. Epidemiology of myeloma. In: Malpas JS, Bergsagel DE, Kyle RA, et al., eds. Myeloma: biology and management. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; 1997.
