一般来讲,根据疾病的初始严重程度,可预测社区获得性肺炎患者的临床结局(包括那些非典型细菌性肺炎患者)。在门诊接受治疗的病情不太严重的患者死亡率低于1%。然而,对于病情较重的患者,特别是对初始治疗无反应的患者,死亡率可高达50%。[17]Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44 Suppl 2:S27-72.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/Supplement_2/S27.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278083?tool=bestpractice.com此外,长期待在护理院的患者可能更易导致呼吸道疾病的暴发和死亡。[68]Hastings DL, Harrington KJ, Kutty PK, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreak in a long-term care facility - Nebraska, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:296-299.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6411a2.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25811678?tool=bestpractice.com