组织学确诊的 BPH 患病率随着年龄的增加而升高,会影响大约 42% 的 51-60 岁男性和 82% 的 71-80 岁男性。[2]Berry SJ, Coffey DS, Walsh PC, et al. The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age. J Urol. 1984 Sep;132(3):474-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6206240?tool=bestpractice.com 美国人口普查数据表明,从 2000 年到 2050 年,65 岁以上的男性人数将翻一番。[3]US Census Bureau. 65+ in the United States. Apr 1996 [internet publication].https://www.census.gov/prod/1/pop/p23-190/p23-190.pdf 一项基于社区的研究表明,与日本社区的男性相比,在广泛的年龄范围内,每个类别美国男性的前列腺体积都更大。[4]Masumori N, Tsukamoto T, Kumamoto Y, et al. Japanese men have smaller prostate volumes but comparable urinary flow rates relative to American men: results of community based studies in 2 countries. J Urol. 1996 Apr;155(4):1324-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8632564?tool=bestpractice.com
流行病学统计数据的全球差异在一定程度上取决于如何定义 BPH。[5]Lee SW, Chan EM, Lai YK. The global burden of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 11;7(1):7984.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06628-8http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801563?tool=bestpractice.com 用于确定患病率的研究参数可能包括前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分、最大尿流速和排泄后残留尿量。[6]Bosch JL, Hop WC, Kirkels WJ, et al. Natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia: appropriate case definition and estimation of its prevalence in the community. Urology. 1995 Sep;46(3 Suppl A):34-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544515?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国,2000 年,美国医疗保健系统因 BPH 支付了 11 亿美元,该疾病造成了超过 440 万次诊室就诊、117,000 次急诊科就诊和 105,000 次住院。[7]Rosenberg MT, Miner MM, Riley PA, et al. STEP: simplified treatment of the enlarged prostate. Int J Clin Pract. 2010 Mar;64(4):488-96.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20039975?tool=bestpractice.com 全球范围内都已认识到下尿路症状/BPH 所造成的个人和社会成本;其中包括直接医疗费用、日常生活功能间接损失以及对患者和伴侣生活质量的负面影响。[8]Speakman M, Kirby R, Doyle S, et al. Burden of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - focus on the UK. BJU Int. 2015 Apr;115(4):508-19.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bju.12745http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24656222?tool=bestpractice.com