小结
定义
心肌炎在临床上和病理学上被定义为没有冠状动脉疾病所存在的特异性急性或慢性心肌缺血的心肌炎性反应。它是一组因感染性、免疫性和非免疫性疾病引起的非缺血性心肌炎症的临床综合征。在组织病理学上，心肌炎的特征为炎性细胞浸润，伴有或不伴有心肌细胞损伤的证据。[1]
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 巨细胞性心肌炎患者的组织学检查发现。 A：左心室前外侧壁切片中存在重度心肌坏死，心肌细胞被肉芽组织及坏死纤维化取代；B：在存活心肌与坏死心肌之间观察到一条分界线，可通过附加的肌红蛋白的免疫组织化学染色确诊；C：在炎症边界处接近存活心肌的地方，可观察到由多核巨细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞组成的细胞群；D：所有血管中的补体4d免疫组织化学染色均为阳性，提示补体级联反应激活。来自：Rasmussen TB, Dalager S, Andersen NH, et al. BMJ Case Reports 2009; doi:10.1136/bcr.09.2008.0997 [Citation ends].
病史和查体
诊断性检查
治疗流程
贡献者
作者 查看所有
Associate Professor of Medicine
Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
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KCW declares that she has no competing interests.Dr Katherine Wu would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr James E. Harvey and Dr Arman T. Askari, previous contributors to this monograph. JEH and ATA declare that they have no competing interests.
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Professor of Medicine
School of Medicine
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
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DAL declares that he has no competing interests.Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Medical Director
Pediatric Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit
University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center
Ann Arbor
MI
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JC declares that he has no competing interests.Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
University of Missouri Hospitals and Clinics
Harry S. Truman VA Hospital
Columbia
MO
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