非黑色素瘤皮肤癌(更确切的名称是“角化细胞癌”)是最常见的一类皮肤癌。[5]Sánchez G, Nova J, Rodriguez-Hernandez AE, et al. Sun protection for preventing basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 25;(7):CD011161.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27455163?tool=bestpractice.com 皮肤鳞状细胞癌 (SCC) 是全球第二常见的非黑色素瘤皮肤癌(仅次于基底细胞癌)。皮肤鳞状细胞癌最常见于光暴露部位的皮肤,患者多> 40 岁。男性发病率较女性高,同时肤色较浅的患者风险较高。[6]Vitaliano PP, Urbach F. The relative importance of risk factors in nonmelanoma carcinoma. Arch Dermatol. 1980 Apr;116(4):454-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7369779?tool=bestpractice.com 生活在赤道附近及南北8纬度到10纬度范围地区的人发病率最高。[7]Johnson TM, Rowe DE, Nelson BR, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (excluding lip and oral mucosa). J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992 Mar;26(3 Pt 2):467-84.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1564155?tool=bestpractice.com 值得注意的是,皮肤鳞状细胞癌是肤色较深患者及接受器官移植并服用免疫抑制药物患者的一种最常见的皮肤癌。NIH: skin cancer treatment PDQ - health professional version 澳大利亚热带地区所有皮肤癌的发病率均为最高,其中鳞状细胞癌在白种人群中大约为1/100。[8]Buettner PG, Raasch BA. Incidence rates of skin cancer in Townsville, Australia. Int J Cancer. 1998 Nov 23;78(5):587-93.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0215%2819981123%2978%3A5%3C587%3A%3AAID-IJC10%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Ehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9808527?tool=bestpractice.com 一个1994年的研究表明,在美国鳞状细胞癌的终生患病风险大约为男性9%-14%,女性4%-9%。[6]Vitaliano PP, Urbach F. The relative importance of risk factors in nonmelanoma carcinoma. Arch Dermatol. 1980 Apr;116(4):454-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7369779?tool=bestpractice.com 美国的年度发病例数大概为>100,000。[9]Rogers HW, Weinstock MA, Feldman SR, et al. Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the US population, 2012. JAMA Dermatol. 2015 Oct;151(10):1081-6.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2281227http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25928283?tool=bestpractice.com 根据美国及加拿大的纵向研究,鳞状细胞癌的发病率在过去20年增长了200%。[10]Gloster HM Jr, Brodland DG. The epidemiology of skin cancer. Dermatol Surg. 1996 Mar;22(3):217-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8599733?tool=bestpractice.com