对美国65岁以上患者和老年女性患者的踝关节骨折的流行病学研究发现发生率为1.5-5.3人/1000人,白人女性发生率最高,非白人男性发生率最低。[3]Koval KJ, Lurie J, Zhou W, et al. Ankle fractures in the elderly: what you get depends on where you live and who you see. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:635-639.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16247309?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Hasselman CT, Vogt MT, Stone KL, et al. Foot and ankle fractures in elderly white women. Incidence and risk factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:820-824.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12728031?tool=bestpractice.com最常见的骨折类型是单纯腓骨骨折(51%-58%),接着,按发生率递减依次为双踝骨折(约27%),三踝骨折(约14%),和单纯内踝骨折(约8%)。[3]Koval KJ, Lurie J, Zhou W, et al. Ankle fractures in the elderly: what you get depends on where you live and who you see. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:635-639.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16247309?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Hasselman CT, Vogt MT, Stone KL, et al. Foot and ankle fractures in elderly white women. Incidence and risk factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:820-824.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12728031?tool=bestpractice.com欧洲和加拿大流行病学数据提示,踝关节骨折常见于平均年龄40-46岁的患者,其中65岁以下患者主要为男性。最常见的受伤机制为摔伤(约38%-80%),最常见的骨折是外踝骨折(70%)。[5]Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P 3rd. Ankle fractures. in: Trauma, orthopaedic surgery essentials. Tornetta P 3rd, Einhorn T, eds. Philadelphia, PA; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 2006.[6]Weening B, Bhandari M. Predictors of functional outcome following transsyndesmotic screw fixation of ankle fractures. 2005;19:102-108.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15677926?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Jensen SL, Andresen BK, Mencke S. Epidemiology of ankle fractures. A prospective population-based study of 212 cases in Aalborg, Denmark. Acta Orthop Scand. 1998;69:48-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9524518?tool=bestpractice.com双踝骨折(16%),三踝骨折(7.5%),和单纯内踝骨折(6%)与美国研究结果相似。[5]Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P 3rd. Ankle fractures. in: Trauma, orthopaedic surgery essentials. Tornetta P 3rd, Einhorn T, eds. Philadelphia, PA; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 2006.开放性骨折发生率较低(1.7%),与机动车事故引起的高能量骨折(约4%)类似。[5]Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P 3rd. Ankle fractures. in: Trauma, orthopaedic surgery essentials. Tornetta P 3rd, Einhorn T, eds. Philadelphia, PA; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 2006.