BMJ Best Practice

证据

  • What are the benefits of interventions to reduce smoking in people receiving concurrent treatment for or in recovery from alcohol and other drug dependence?
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  • Can providing incentives to stop smoking to adult smokers of mixed populations increase quit rates?
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  • What are the effects of providing pregnant women with incentives to stop smoking?
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  • How do bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline for smoking cessation compare?
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  • Can group behavior therapy programs increase smoking abstinence rates?
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  • Does motivational interviewing help adults quit smoking?
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  • What are the effects of tobacco cessation interventions for young people?
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  • Do family-based programs prevent smoking by children and adolescents?
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  • Is there randomized controlled trial evidence to support the use of combined pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for smoking cessation?
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  • How does varenicline compare with bupropion or nicotine-replacement therapy for smoking cessation?
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  • How do tailored and non-tailored internet-based interventions for smoking cessation in adults compare with active and inactive controls and with each other?
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  • Is there randomized controlled trial evidence to support the use of mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation?
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证据评分

    证据 A

    使用行为治疗或者小组咨询的戒烟率：有高质量证据表明多次个人或小组咨询的行为支持可以帮助戒烟。[35][36]

    证据 A

    NRT的戒烟率：有高质量的证据表明，所有NRT有相似的效果，种类的选择应该基于预期的不良反应，患者喜好和可行性。[42]

    证据 A

    联合NRT戒烟后6个月时的戒烟率：有高质量证据表明，与安慰剂相比，尼古丁贴剂和锭剂在戒烟后6个月时有较高的戒烟率。[43]

    证据 A

    用NRT辅助的减量戒烟法的持续戒烟效果：有高质量证据表明，对于没有意愿戒烟或不能突然戒烟的吸烟者来讲，与安慰剂相比，NRT是一个有效的方法可达到稳定的戒烟效果。[52]

    证据 A

    基于网络或计算机的戒烟项目的戒烟率：有高质量的证据显示，基于网络或计算机的戒烟项目（单独或与其他干预方式联用），在成年吸烟者戒烟有显著效果。[65]

    证据 A

    尼古丁疫苗的戒烟率：有高质量证据提示，当可以达到足够高的抗体水平时，尼古丁-Q-β疫苗可显著提高吸烟者的持续戒烟率。[72]

    证据 B

    戒烟贴剂和其他形式的NRT联用的戒烟率：中等质量的证据表明，在尼古丁贴剂的基础上增加其他形式的NRT可以增加成功率。[42]

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