案例
一名25岁黑人女性发现颈后及腋下出现无症状的皮肤变黑、增厚。近期增重13.5kg(30磅)。有糖尿病家族史。体格检查:明显肥胖,在腋下有色素增多的乳头瘤样增生的天鹅绒样斑块,并向背部、颈后及侧方扩展。在色素增多区域上还覆盖有许多质软、有蒂的皮色丘疹。血液学检查提示空腹血糖水平升高。
其他表现
恶性黑棘皮病一般突然出现且发展迅速。[2]Schwartz RA. Acanthosis nigricans. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Jul;31(1):1-19.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8021347?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Brown J, Winkelmann RK. Acanthosis nigricans: a study of 90 cases. Medicine. 1968 Jan;47(1):33-51.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4868603?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Curth HO. Cancer associated with acanthosis nigricans: a review of the literature and report of a case of acanthosis nigricans with cancer of the breast. Arch Surg. 1943 Dec;47(6):517-52.比其他类型更容易侵犯黏膜表面,结膜、口腔黏膜(延伸至咽喉部)、肛周和生殖器黏膜均可累及。[9]Moore RL, Devere TS. Epidermal manifestations of internal malignancy. Dermatol Clin. 2008 Jan;26(1):17-29.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18023768?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Brown J, Winkelmann RK. Acanthosis nigricans: a study of 90 cases. Medicine. 1968 Jan;47(1):33-51.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4868603?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Ramirez-Amador V, Esquivel-Pedraza L, Caballero-Mendoza E, et al. Oral manifestations as a hallmark of malignant acanthosis nigricans. J Oral Pathol Med. 1999 Jul;28(6):278-81.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426202?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Dyrszka H, Sanghavi B, Peddamatham K, et al. Esophageal involvement in acanthosis nigricans. NY State J Med. 1984 May;84(5):256-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6588323?tool=bestpractice.com肢端也更常累及。[12]Brown J, Winkelmann RK. Acanthosis nigricans: a study of 90 cases. Medicine. 1968 Jan;47(1):33-51.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4868603?tool=bestpractice.com掌跖部位出现黄色乳头瘤样增生的角化过度斑块称为“牛肚掌”,又称掌跖部位黑棘皮病。[9]Moore RL, Devere TS. Epidermal manifestations of internal malignancy. Dermatol Clin. 2008 Jan;26(1):17-29.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18023768?tool=bestpractice.com掌跖部位的黑棘皮病表现为伸侧色素增多、乳头瘤样增生的斑块,一般不累及皱褶部位。[2]Schwartz RA. Acanthosis nigricans. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Jul;31(1):1-19.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8021347?tool=bestpractice.com通常在健康个体中出现。良性黑棘皮病一般在生后或幼儿时期出现,可能为单侧或泛发。[4]Curth HO. Unilateral epidermal nevus resembling acanthosis nigricans. Br J Dermatol. 1976 Oct;95(4):433-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/974030?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Berk DR, Spector EB, Bayliss SJ. Familial acanthosis nigricans due to K650T FGFR3 mutation. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Sep;143(9):1153-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17875876?tool=bestpractice.com一般有阳性的家族史,但是通常没有内分泌异常或肥胖。[2]Schwartz RA. Acanthosis nigricans. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Jul;31(1):1-19.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8021347?tool=bestpractice.com