四硫钼酸盐
随食物一起服用的四硫钼酸盐将与食物蛋白和铜形成复合物,阻止铜的吸收,立即造成铜的负平衡。 若不随食物服用,它将会被吸收并同血中的白蛋白和游离铜形成复合物。 这种复合物将不被细胞摄取,并使血液中的游离铜被快速稀释。 四硫钼酸盐适用于未接受超过 8 周曲恩汀或青霉胺治疗的新诊断的神经症状患者,以及并非由于依从性出现新的神经症状的处于维持治疗阶段的患者。 对于神经受累的患者,建议的一线治疗为联合使用四硫钼酸盐和锌 8-16 周,随后长期单独使用锌作为维持治疗。[29]Brewer GJ, Hedera P, Kluin KJ, et al. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: III. initial therapy in a total of 55 neurologically affected patients and follow-up with zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:379-385.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12633149?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Brewer GJ, Askari F, Lorincz MT, et al. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: IV. comparison of tetrathiomolybdate and trientine in a double-blind study of treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:521-527.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606763?tool=bestpractice.com 接受四硫钼酸盐和锌联合治疗的患者中有 3%-4% 会出现神经系统功能恶化(相比之下,接受曲恩汀 [trientine] 和青霉胺治疗的患者出现恶化的比例为 25%-50%)。[29]Brewer GJ, Hedera P, Kluin KJ, et al. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: III. initial therapy in a total of 55 neurologically affected patients and follow-up with zinc therapy. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:379-385.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12633149?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Brewer GJ, Askari F, Lorincz MT, et al. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: IV. comparison of tetrathiomolybdate and trientine in a double-blind study of treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:521-527.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606763?tool=bestpractice.com[27]Brewer GJ, Terry CA, Aisen AM, et al. Worsening of neurologic syndrome in patients with Wilson's disease with initial penicillamine therapy. Arch Neurol. 1987;44:490-493.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3579660?tool=bestpractice.com 应继续进行治疗,因为恶化很可能是患者疾病自然病程的一部分,这不同于与曲恩汀和青霉胺导致的恶化,后者属于药物催化事件。10%-15% 的患者会出现贫血和/或白细胞减少;[28]Brewer GJ, Askari F, Lorincz MT, et al. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: IV. comparison of tetrathiomolybdate and trientine in a double-blind study of treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:521-527.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606763?tool=bestpractice.com 在血细胞计数开始恢复前(通常为 2-5 日),患者应停止服用药物,随后再以初始剂量的一半重新开始服用。10%-15% 的患者还会出现血转氨酶水平的进一步升高;[28]Brewer GJ, Askari F, Lorincz MT, et al. Treatment of Wilson disease with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate: IV. comparison of tetrathiomolybdate and trientine in a double-blind study of treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:521-527.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606763?tool=bestpractice.com 在酶水平开始回到基线水平之前(通常为 2-5 日),患者应停止服用四硫钼酸盐,随后再以初始剂量的一半重新开始服用。如果患者不能耐受锌治疗,则应单独给予四硫钼酸盐治疗 8-16 周,随后患者应开始服用曲恩汀作为维持治疗。