自 40 岁开始,PAD 的患病率随着年龄的增长而升高。[2]Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary. Circulation. 2017 Mar 21;135(12):e686-e725.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479414/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27840332?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Sigvant B, Wiberg-Hedman K, Bergqvist D, et al. A population-based study of peripheral arterial disease prevalence with special focus on critical limb ischemia and sex differences. J Vasc Surg. 20072007 Jun;45(6):1185-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17543683?tool=bestpractice.com[4]He Y, Jiang Y, Wang J, et al. Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and its association with smoking in a population-based study in Beijing, China. J Vasc Surg. 2006 Aug;44(2):333-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16890864?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Burns P, Gough S, Bradbury AW. Management of peripheral arterial disease in primary care. BMJ. 2003Mar 15;326(7389):584-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637405?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, et al; TASC II Working Group. Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(suppl S):S5-S67.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223489?tool=bestpractice.com 根据疾病预防控制中心的数据,如果把 PAD 定义为异常踝臂指数<0.90,那么 40-49 岁人群的 PAD 患病率为 1.0%。但是,随着年龄的增长,患病率逐渐升高。CDC: peripheral arterial disease fact sheet 50~59 岁年龄组的 PVD 患病率则为 3.0%~5.0%,60~69 岁年龄组为约 5.0%,80 岁以上年龄组为>20.0%(男性甚至>25.0%)。
瑞典的一项研究结果显示,60~65 岁年龄组的 PVD 患病率为 7.9%,而 85~90 岁年龄组则升至 47.2%。[3]Sigvant B, Wiberg-Hedman K, Bergqvist D, et al. A population-based study of peripheral arterial disease prevalence with special focus on critical limb ischemia and sex differences. J Vasc Surg. 20072007 Jun;45(6):1185-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17543683?tool=bestpractice.com 在英国,65-75 岁人群中有 1/5 在临床查体中发现 PAD 的证据。[5]Burns P, Gough S, Bradbury AW. Management of peripheral arterial disease in primary care. BMJ. 2003Mar 15;326(7389):584-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637405?tool=bestpractice.com 一项来自美国的研究结果显示,即使在考虑其他危险因素后,黑人仍有更高的 PAD 患病率;同时,与白人相比,亚洲人的患病率更低。[7]Vitalis A, Lip GY, Kay M, et al. Ethnic differences in the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2017 Apr;15(4):327-38.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28290228?tool=bestpractice.com
在高收入国家中,男性和女性的 PAD 患病率相等。[8]Fowkes FG, Rudan D, Rudan I, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 2013 Oct 19;382(9901):1329-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23915883?tool=bestpractice.comPAD 常常存在诊断和治疗不足。[6]Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, et al; TASC II Working Group. Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(suppl S):S5-S67.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223489?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Watson K, Watson BD, Pater KS. Peripheral arterial disease: a review of disease awareness and management. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2006 Dec;4(4):365-79.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296541?tool=bestpractice.com