总体前景
如果基线肾功能恶化、狭窄级别增高、CAD 或 PVD 累及范围扩大或年龄加大,会出现更高的死亡率和透析率。[37]Balk E, Raman G, Chung M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: 2007 update. Executive summary. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2007.https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/renal-artery-stenosis/research-2007/
高血压控制
对于双侧 RAS,在改善血压控制方面,采用支架置入的血管成形术可能比单纯药物治疗的效果更佳。采用支架置入术后,患者可能只需要较少的药物就能控制高血压。极少数患者可能治愈高血压。[37]Balk E, Raman G, Chung M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: 2007 update. Executive summary. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2007.https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/renal-artery-stenosis/research-2007/
肾功能
当前证据表明药物治疗或介入治疗对于改善肾功能治疗效果没有差别。然而,仅报道过采用血管成形术的患者肾功能得到了改善。[37]Balk E, Raman G, Chung M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: 2007 update. Executive summary. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2007.https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/renal-artery-stenosis/research-2007/
药物治疗与介入治疗对比:并发症
关于经皮血管介入治疗与药物治疗相比,会导致相关不良事件或并发症,没有证据支持该的有意义的结论证据尚不支持。[38]Balk E, Raman G, Chung M, et al. Effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:901-912.http://annals.org/aim/article/731198/effectiveness-management-strategies-renal-artery-stenosis-systematic-reviewhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062633?tool=bestpractice.com但是,介入治疗与手术相关的并发症有关。
接受肾动脉经皮血管介入治疗的患者(无论血管成形术是否置入支架)在手术后需进行双重抗血小板治疗(阿司匹林和氯吡格雷)。这存在出血的风险。
心血管治疗效果
采用药物治疗和介入治疗的心血管治疗效果没有差异。[33]Cooper CJ, Murphy TP, Cutlip DE, et al. Stenting and medical therapy for atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:13-22.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24245566?tool=bestpractice.com[38]Balk E, Raman G, Chung M, et al. Effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:901-912.http://annals.org/aim/article/731198/effectiveness-management-strategies-renal-artery-stenosis-systematic-reviewhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062633?tool=bestpractice.com[39]Pierdomenico SD, Pierdomenico AM, Cuccurullo C, et al. Cardiac events in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis treated with renal angioplasty or drug therapy: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Hypertens. 2012;25:1209-1214.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22854636?tool=bestpractice.com