APS 患者在停止抗凝治疗后血栓复发的风险高,[33]Derksen RH, de Groot PG, Kater L, et al. Patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and venous thrombosis should receive long term anticoagulant treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52:689-692.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1005149/pdf/annrheumd00484-0071.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8239766?tool=bestpractice.com因此,一般建议持续长期进行抗凝治疗。[34]Schulman S, Svenungsson E, Granqvist S. Anticardiolipin antibodies predict early recurrence of thromboembolism and death among patients with venous thromboembolism following anticoagulant therapy: Duration of Anticoagulation Study Group. Am J Med. 1998;104:332-338.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9576405?tool=bestpractice.com有静脉血栓栓塞事件既往史的患者应接受以 INR 2.5(范围 2~3)为目标的维生素 K 拮抗剂抗凝治疗。两项随机临床试验直接对比常规强度和高强度华法林疗法对静脉血栓栓塞患者的疗效,并发现高强度疗法并不优于常规治疗剂量的维生素 K 拮抗剂,并且可能与出血风险增加有关。[35]Crowther MA, Ginsberg JS, Julian J, et al. A comparison of two intensities of warfarin for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1133-1138.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa035241#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13679527?tool=bestpractice.com[36]Finazzi G, Marchioli R, Brancaccio V, et al. A randomized clinical trial of high-intensity warfarin vs. conventional antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (WAPS). J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:848-853.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01340.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15869575?tool=bestpractice.com但是,在治疗中复发静脉血栓形成的患者被排除出研究:该群组需要达到目标 INR 3~4。同样强烈建议对血栓形成的其他危险因素进行常规处理,包括戒烟和治疗高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病和肥胖,以及解决久坐不动因素和雌二醇的使用问题。由于该组中缺乏好的前瞻性研究,曾有动脉血栓的患者的最佳治疗方法仍存在争议。主张使用高强度的华法林疗法(INR 范围 3~4)对这些患者进行治疗。如果患者已接受处于较高 INR 水平的抗凝治疗,其复发后治疗尤其困难。