流行性 HUS可见于任何年龄段人群，但最常见于 5 岁以下年幼儿童，年龄较大儿童和成人的发病率降低。[4]Banatvala N, Griffin PM, Greene KD, et al. The United States national prospective hemolytic uremic syndrome study: microbiologic, serologic, clinical and epidemiologic findings. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:1063-1070.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11237831?tool=bestpractice.com尽管已有大规模暴发的报告，但是小规模暴发或散发病例较常见。[5]Bell BP, Goldoft M, Griffin PM, et al. A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7-associated bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from hamburgers. The Washington experience. JAMA. 1994;272:1349-1353.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7933395?tool=bestpractice.com在美国小于 5 岁儿童的年度发病率为（ 2-3） /10万。[6]Noris M, Remuzzi G. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:1035-1050.http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/16/4/1035.full.pdf+htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15728781?tool=bestpractice.com在欧洲，18岁以下未成年人非典型或反复发作的 HUS 的发病率为3.3 /百万。[7]Zimmerhackl LB, Besbas N, Jungraithmayr T, et al. European Study Group for Haemolytic Uraemic Syndromes and Related Disorders. Epidemiology, clinical presentation and pathophysiology of atypical and recurrent hemolytic uremic syndrome. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2006;32:113-120.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16575686?tool=bestpractice.com6% 至 9% 的产毒素大肠杆菌感染的儿童于腹泻发作后大约 5-10d 诊断出 HUS。[5]Bell BP, Goldoft M, Griffin PM, et al. A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7-associated bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from hamburgers. The Washington experience. JAMA. 1994;272:1349-1353.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7933395?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Boyce TG, Swerdlow DL, Griffin PM. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:364-368.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7609755?tool=bestpractice.com在英格兰和威尔士，HUS 并发于2% -7%涉及大肠杆菌O157 感染病例，其中 31%需要住院。从 1992 年到 1996 年间，此类感染的死亡率为 3.7%。[9]Subcommittee of the PHLS Advisory Committee on Gastrointestinal Infections. Guidelines for the control of infection with Vero cytotoxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). Commun Dis Public Health. 2000;3:14-23.http://www.hpa.org.uk/cdph/issues/CDPHvol3/No1/vtec.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10743313?tool=bestpractice.com其它形式的 HUS 不太常见，但由于与其它血栓性微血管病特别是血栓性血小板减少性紫癜 (TTP) 的诊断标准重叠而难以做出精确估计。
